What do systematic reviews say?

Smartphone app vs no intervention or minimal intervention

• Mobile health (m‐health) smartphone interventions for adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 149 participants
  Moderate

Selenium vs no intervention

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks after end of RT
  Insufficient evidence of differences for loss of taste or dysphagia; data largely unusable (no standard deviations). Ageusia milder in selenium group (not significant); dysphagia significant only at week 7 (P = 0.05)…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Surgical vs conservative interventions

• Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 321 participants
  Low

Laser photocoagulation vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Monotherapy laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

• Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3-4 months
  Three studies measured QoL. Vergnes 2018: overall GOHAI adjusted MD 7.0 (95% CI 2.4 to 11.6), 79 participants (better oral health-related QoL); no clear change in general SF-36 QoL. D'Aiuto 2018 ADDQoL better in…
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs dietary interventions

• Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Low

Physical activity vs dietary interventions

• Physical activity for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Beta‐blockers vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Beta‐blockers for suspected or diagnosed acute myocardial infarction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for leptospirosis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes quality of life (parent‐rated) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

• Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.4
  4 studies · 608 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

• Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs no intervention, other ablation methods, or systemic treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Percutaneous ethanol injection for liver metastases 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CBT vs no treatment or waiting list

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 179 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs intensive behaviour‐changing intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Xiao Chai Hu Tang formula vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found