What do systematic reviews say?

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Anticholinergics showed no clear difference in mean change from baseline in condition‐specific quality of lifeScale… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 4.41
  12 studies · 6804 participants
  Low

Umeclidinium bromide vs placebo

Umeclidinium bromide probably leads to higher quality of life: number of participants with ≥ 4 units improvement… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Umeclidinium bromide versus placebo for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.45 [1.16, 1.82]
  3 studies · 1397 participants
  Moderate

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tiotropium vs placebo

Tiotropium leads to lower number of patients with a clinically significant worsening (≥ 4… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.65 [0.59, 0.72]
  9 studies · 11672 participants
  High

Tiotropium vs placebo

Tiotropium leads to higher number of patients with a clinically significant improvement (≥ 4… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Tiotropium versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.52 [1.38, 1.68]
  9 studies · 11672 participants
  High

Corticosteroids vs placebo

• Corticosteroids for the management of cancer‐related fatigue in adults with advanced cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 118 participants
  Very low

Macrolides vs placebo

• Macrolide antibiotics for bronchiectasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 305 participants
  Low

R‐salbutamol 0.5% topical cream vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tacrolimus 0.1% cream vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

GnRH‐a + raloxifene vs GnRH‐a ± placebo

• Add‐back therapy with GnRH analogues for uterine fibroids 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 74 participants
  Low

GnRH‐a + tibolone vs GnRH‐a ± placebo

• Add‐back therapy with GnRH analogues for uterine fibroids 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At least 6 months after the intervention
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any antifungal intervention for the treatment of oral candidiasis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported: relief of pain, relief of dysphagia, incidence of systemic infection, amount of analgesia, days stay in hospital, cost of oral care, patient quality of life.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the prophylactic aciclovir versus placebo trials reported on patient quality of life. For prevention or treatment, no trials reported on duration of hospital stay, amount of analgesia or patient quality of life.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mucolytic vs placebo

• Mucolytic agents versus placebo for chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2721 participants
  Moderate

Oral antibiotics vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found