Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

44 questions · 45 findings · 33 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 12 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 6.7%Low 12 · 26.7%Moderate 11 · 24.4%High 7 · 15.6%

Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only

Function Visual analog function index Scale from 0 to 100 (higher is better) · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis

1 finding from 1 review

Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection

Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = better function)f · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection

Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = better function)f · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Methotrexate vs placebo

Function · children and young people with JIA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Methotrexate for juvenile idiopathic arthritis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Methotrexate vs placebo

Function · psoriatic arthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Methotrexate for psoriatic arthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 221 participants
Low

Manual therapy and exercise vs placebo

Function · rotator cuff disease

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 120 participants
High

Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo

Function · Rotator cuff disease (diagnostic label: calcific tendinitis)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy modalities for rotator cuff disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Low

Allopurinol vs placebo

Function · people with chronic gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Allopurinol for chronic gout 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs placebo

Function · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Paracetamol vs placebo

Physical function · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in physical function (WOMAC function 0–100) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol versus placebo for knee and hip osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2354 participants
High

Paracetamol vs placebo

Liver toxicity: number experiencing abnormal liver function tests 24 weeks · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol probably leads to higher liver toxicity: number experiencing abnormal liver function tests 24… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol versus placebo for knee and hip osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.79 [1.94, 7.39]
3 studies · 1237 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs placebo adjunctive therapies

Physical function · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 1361 participants
Low

Tramadol vs placebo

Physical function · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 2550 participants
Moderate

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 614 participants
Moderate

Celecoxib vs placebo

Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Celecoxib for osteoarthritis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1622 participants
High

MAOIs vs placebo

Physical function · patients with fibromyalgia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for fibromyalgia syndrome 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Topical NSAIDs vs placebo

Function/disability · Adults with lateral elbow pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Function ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Function ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation

Function ‐ not measured · rotator cuff disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found