Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

50 questions · 53 findings · 20 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 11 · 20.8%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 18.9%Low 22 · 41.5%Moderate 7 · 13.2%High 3 · 5.7%

Pulse vs continuous dexamethasone therapy

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Pulse may leads to higher death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' PMA compared with continuous dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Lower showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual tailored vs continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Individual tailored showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA compared with continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' PMA compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver vs usual care

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants < 37 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

Oxygen‐guided lung‐recruitment maneuver showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk

It is very uncertain whether targeted or adjustable individualized fortification changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with standard non‐individualized fortification (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome

The intervention showed no clear difference in incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review