Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

65 questions · 67 findings · 40 reviews

No studies found 10 · 14.9%GRADE not reported 6 · 9%Very low 22 · 32.8%Low 19 · 28.4%Moderate 7 · 10.4%High 3 · 4.5%

CHRONIC: ACEi or ARB vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing any type of surgery under general anaesthesia receiving ACEIs or ARBs perioperatively

It is very uncertain whether ACEIs or ARBs changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitroglycerin vs no treatment

All‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation · patients (15 years of age and older) undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitroglycerin changes all‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitroglycerin vs placebo

All‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation · patients (15 years of age and older) undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitroglycerin changes all‐cause mortality in 30 days post operation compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training vs usual care, non‐exercise intervention

Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery

It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days during postoperative period compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · children and adolescents with obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review