Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

32 questions · 32 findings · 9 reviews · Skin

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No studies found 5 · 15.6%GRADE not reported 2 · 6.3%Very low 7 · 21.9%Low 7 · 21.9%Moderate 10 · 31.3%High 1 · 3.1%

Minoxidil 2% vs minoxidil 5%

Adverse events · women with FPHL

Minoxidil 2% showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with minoxidil 5% (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for female pattern hair loss 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.91, 1.2]
4 studies · 1006 participants
Low

Minoxidil vs placebo

Adverse events · women with FPHL

Minoxidil showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for female pattern hair loss 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.82, 1.87]
4 studies · 727 participants
Low

Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 10 mg vs placebo

Primary outcome 3: Adverse events · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema

Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 10 mg showed no clear difference in primary: all adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for hand eczema 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.66, 1.55]
1 study · 158 participants
Moderate

Oral hydroxychloroquine vs placebo

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral hydroxychloroquine showed no clear difference in adverse events: minor compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.24, 7.19]
1 study · 47 participants
Moderate

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone vs placebo

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone probably leads to higher adverse events: minor compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 10.5 [3.26, 33.75]
1 study · 381 participants
Moderate

Oral chloroquine vs placebo

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral methotrexate vs oral chloroquine

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate may leads to higher adverse events: minor compared with oral chloroquine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.9 [1.45, 10.51]
1 study · 41 participants
Low

Oral methotrexate vs placebo

Minor adverse events · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: minor compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.39, 1.17]
1 study · 86 participants
Moderate

Fluocinonide 0.05% vs hydrocortisone 1%

Adverse events of medication, leading to discontinuation or significant morbidity · people with discoid lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 78 participants
Moderate

Minoxidil vs placebo

Incidence of serious adverse events · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 304 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Intralesional classical immunosuppresants (betamethasone or triamcinolone) vs placebo

Incidence of serious adverse events · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 543 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone) + hair growth stimulants (minoxidil) vs contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone)

Incidence of serious adverse events · adults with alopecia areata

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for alopecia areata: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Oral ciclosporin vs azathioprine (AZA)

Adverse events: minor (hirsutism) · patients with cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Oral ciclosporin may leads to higher adverse events: minor (hirsutism) compared with oral azathioprine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 9.83 [1.32, 72.95]
1 study · 89 participants
Low

Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg vs placebo

Adverse effects: headache · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema

Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg leads to higher primary: adverse events ‐ headache Folluw‐up: 48 weeks to 72 weeks compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for hand eczema 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.43 [2.45, 4.81]
2 studies · 1210 participants
High

Topical antibiotics vs systemic antibiotics

Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Phototherapy vs sham light

Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cefdinir vs cefalexin

Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
391 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical antibiotics vs antiseptic agent

Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral antibiotics vs placebo

Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · people with atopic dermatitis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Bleach bath vs placebo or bath emollient

Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · people with atopic dermatitis

Bleach bath showed no clear difference in minor adverse events not requiring withdrawal from treatment compared with placebo or bath emollient (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the management of eczema 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.35, 2.87]
1 study · 36 participants
Low