Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,514 questions · 1,543 findings · 649 reviews

No studies found 224 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 105 · 6.8%Very low 383 · 24.8%Low 447 · 29%Moderate 293 · 19%High 91 · 5.9%

Recombinant zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events ‐ potential immune‐mediated disease Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Recombinant zoster vaccine showed no clear difference in participants with adverse events ‐ potential immune‐mediated… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any preprocedural mouth rinse vs Placebo, no rinsing or control

Adverse events such as transient discolouration, altered taste, allergic reaction, hypersensitivity · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Autologous blood or PRP vs placebo at 3 months' follow‐up

Adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation of elbow movement following injection) · lateral elbow pain

Autologous blood or PRP showed no clear difference in adverse events (pain and swelling at injection site and limitation… compared with placebo at 3 months' follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azithromycin vs placebo or vitamins

Minor participant‐reported adverse events not requiring withdrawal of the treatment: Mild abdominal pain. · pityriasis rosea

Azithromycin showed no clear difference in minor participant‐reported adverse events not requiring withdrawal… compared with placebo or vitamins (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs PLACEBO/NIL

Adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only reported if occurred in ≥ 5% of people) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only… compared with PLACEBO/NIL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. confusion,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment

Dropouts due to adverse events · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table – disulfiram changes dropout due to adverse events (number of participants who did not… compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures (colloid, crystalloid, placebo, or no treatment)

Serious adverse events measured by surgery or procedure‐related complications within 30 days ‐ not reported · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Erythromycin vs placebo

Adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms · pityriasis rosea

Erythromycin showed no clear difference in minor participant‐reported adverse events not requiring withdrawal… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Adverse events Assessed as: occurrence of one or more major adverse events requiring withdrawal of treatment · people with nerve damage (< 6 months' duration) in leprosy

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in adverse events Assessed as: occurrence of one or more major adverse… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indacaterol vs long‐acting beta2‐agonist alone

Serious adverse events Adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Indacaterol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Adverse events compared with twice‐daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thyroxine vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse events including maternal pregnancy complications, foetal complications and adverse effects of thyroxine · subfertile women with euthyroid autoimmune thyroid disease or subclinical hypothyroidism

Thyroxine led to lower adverse events including maternal pregnancy complications, foetal… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzoyl peroxide vs placebo or no treatment

Total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term data) Treatment duration: range 10 weeks to 12 weeks · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether benzoyl peroxide changes total number of participants with any adverse events (long‐term… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review