Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

73 questions · 73 findings · 34 reviews

No studies found 19 · 26%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.7%Very low 15 · 20.5%Low 15 · 20.5%Moderate 13 · 17.8%High 9 · 12.3%

Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether high‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A vs placebo

Adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms · healthy people and healthy male physicians

Vitamin A leads to higher adverse events: minor gastrointestinal symptoms compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroid plus vitamin D vs vitamin D

Number of participants withdrawing due to adverse events (AE) · scalp psoriasis

Steroid plus vitamin D leads to lower number of participants withdrawing due to adverse events compared with vitamin D (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

Adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria compared with calcium (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Folic Acid, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12) vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events · people with or without existing cardiovascular disease, men and women

Homocysteine‐lowering interventions (Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine;… showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

Vomiting · mortality and morbidity in term neonates

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events during first 48‐72 hours post supplementation ‐… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review