Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

120 questions · 122 findings · 48 reviews

No studies found 23 · 18.9%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.5%Very low 49 · 40.2%Low 30 · 24.6%Moderate 14 · 11.5%High 3 · 2.5%

Nicotine EC vs non‐nicotine EC

Serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · People who smoke cigarettes

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at 1 week to 1 year Assessed via self‐report… compared with non‐nicotine EC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs NRT

Serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report and medical records · people who smoke

Nicotine EC showed no clear difference in serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 1 year Assessed via self‐report… compared with NRT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine EC vs behavioural support only/no support

Serious adverse events – measured by self‐report and medical records · people who smoke

It is very uncertain whether nicotine EC changes serious adverse events at 4 weeks to 8 months Assessed via… compared with behavioural support only/no support (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Eculizumab vs placebo

Adverse events (serious and nonserious) Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) · patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Eculizumab showed no clear difference in adverse events (serious and nonserious) Medical Dictionary for… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Major adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection with hospitalizations. · lumbosacral radicular pain
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection without hospitalisations. · lumbosacral radicular pain

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen vs paracetamol

Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children with acute postoperative pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen vs morphine

Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children with acute postoperative pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen vs ketorolac

Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children with acute postoperative pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen vs placebo

Serious adverse events, defined as any medical event at any dose that results in death, is life‐threatening, requires hospitalisation (or prolongation of existing hospitalisation) or results in permanent damage or disability (FDA 2016) · children with acute postoperative pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Stem Cell vs placebo or control

Total adverse events · Induction of Remission in Medically Refractory Crohn's Disease

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Stem Cell changes total Adverse Events compared with placebo or Control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review