What do systematic reviews say?

Laser therapy vs no laser therapy

• Laser therapy for retinopathy in sickle cell disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 414 participants
  Low

Targeted mass media intervention vs general population mass media intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Targeted mass media interventions promoting healthy behaviours to reduce risk of non‐communicable diseases in adult,… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether inhaled tobramycin (TNS) changes adverse effects of antibiotics: participants experiencing cough compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.76 [0.1, 5.77]
  2 studies · 72 participants
  Very low

Oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin vs inhaled tobramycin (TNS) plus oral ciprofloxacin

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 223 participants
  Moderate

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) plus oral azithromycin vs TNS plus oral placebo

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) plus oral azithromycin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: number of participants experiencing… compared with TNS plus oral placebo (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.14]
  1 study · 221 participants
  Moderate

Ciprofloxacin vs placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS) therapy

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.54 [0.93, 2.57]
  1 study · 304 participants
  Moderate

Cycled inhaled tobramycin vs culture‐based TNS

Cycled inhaled tobramycin (TNS) probably leads to lower adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with culture‐based TNS (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.85
  1 study · 304 participants
  Moderate

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]
  3 studies · 967 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.72, 1.08]
  3 studies · 874 participants
  Moderate

Lomefloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Lomefloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.34, 1.21]
  2 studies · 215 participants
  Moderate

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (nausea) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.66]
  1 study · 232 participants
  Low

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) vs placebo

Paracetamol (single administration, any dose) showed no clear difference in maternal drug adverse effects (sleepiness) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Paracetamol/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.18, 4.3]
  1 study · 232 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes frequency of serious adverse effects 20 to 24 weeks (very low certainty).

• Oral isotretinoin for acne 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.12, 72.98]
  3 studies · 400 participants
  Very low

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with laser/cryotherapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with… changes local adverse effects ‐ perioperative retinal haemorrhages (unit of… compared with laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

• Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.24, 1.56]
  1 study · 152 participants
  Very low

14 days inhaled AZLI plus 14 days placebo vs 28 days inhaled AZLI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

• Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.79]
  3 studies · 544 participants
  Very low

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

• Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.26]
  1 study · 286 participants
  Very low