What do systematic reviews say?

Continuous chest compression plus ventilation vs interrupted chest compression plus artificial ventilation

• Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non‐asphyxial… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23711 participants
  Moderate

Ambroxol vs corticosteroid (betamethasone)

It is very uncertain whether ambroxol changes adverse effects in pregnant women frequency in pregnant women compared with corticosteroid (betamethasone) (very low certainty).

• Ambroxol for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.45 [0.34, 35.51]
  3 studies · 305 participants
  Very low

Ambroxol vs placebo or no treatment

Ambroxol showed no clear difference in adverse effects in pregnant women frequency in pregnant women compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Ambroxol for women at risk of preterm birth for preventing neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.79 [0.45, 7.13]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Pregabalin probably leads to higher treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.6 [1.86, 3.64]
  9 studies · 2663 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse maternal psychological effects (anxiety, depression or… (very low certainty).

• Care prior to and during subsequent pregnancies following stillbirth for improving outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 14.9]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Care prior to and during subsequent pregnancies following stillbirth for improving outcomes 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antidepressants vs placebo

Antidepressants may leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.16
  10 studies · 815 participants
  Low

Buprenorphine vs alpha2‐adrenergic agonists

It is very uncertain whether buprenorphine changes number experiencing adverse effects compared with alpha2‐adrenergic agonists (very low certainty).

• Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.7, 1.26]
  3 studies · 493 participants
  Very low

Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone vs prednisone or placebo

Oral methotrexate and oral prednisone showed no clear difference in primary outcome: Adverse effects compared with placebo and oral prednisone (low certainty).

• Interventions for morphea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.75, 2.04]
  1 study · 70 participants
  Low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Antidepressants probably leads to higher number of dropouts due to adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.49 [1.25, 1.78]
  33 studies · 7688 participants
  Moderate

Antidepressants vs benzodiazepines

Antidepressants may leads to higher number of dropouts due to adverse effects compared with benzodiazepines (low certainty).

• Antidepressants and benzodiazepines for panic disorder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.72 [1.03, 2.87]
  3 studies · 1002 participants
  Low

Buprenorphine vs alpha2‐adrenergic agonists

Buprenorphine showed no clear difference in number with treatment stopped due to adverse effects compared with alpha2‐adrenergic agonists (low certainty).

• Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.15]
  3 studies · 134 participants
  Low

Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pre-cooling of the injection site vs Conventional treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Immediately before LA
  Adverse effects: included studies did not report on this outcome
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Tricyclic antidepressants probably leads to higher number of dropouts due to adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Antidepressants versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.97 [1.33, 2.91]
  10 studies · 1641 participants
  Moderate

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell wall preparation) plus standard therapy vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

Non-specific immunotherapy (recombinant interleukin-2 or BCG cell… showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with standard therapy alone; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Moderate to severe chills (BCG-CWP, all grades)
  RR 11.00 [0.67, 179.29]
  1 study · 24 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Nausea/vomiting (rIL-2, grades >=3)
  RR 3.40 [0.15, 77.34]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: targeted therapy and immunotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 70 months · Stomatitis (rIL-2, all grades)
  RR 1.47 [0.75, 2.90]
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization vs no intervention

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chronic CGH: Cervical/Scapulothoracic Strengthening with Endurance Training + Craniocervical Pressure Biofeedback + Dynamic Cervical Stabilization + Manual Therapy vs manual therapy

• Exercises for mechanical neck disorders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

• Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 1477 participants
  Low