Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

584 questions · 590 findings · 240 reviews

No studies found 106 · 18%GRADE not reported 94 · 15.9%Very low 137 · 23.2%Low 134 · 22.7%Moderate 98 · 16.6%High 21 · 3.6%

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ important extrapyramidal adverse effects · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PIMOZIDE vs placebo

Adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects Parkinsonism (rigidity) medium term (3‐12 months) Clinical diagnoses · patients with schizophrenia or related psychoses

It is very uncertain whether PIMOZIDE changes adverse effects: extrapyramidal adverse effects:Parkinsonism… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamines vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ Blurred vision No of patients with blurred vision · patients with motion sickness

Antihistamines showed no clear difference in adverse effects: blurred vision Assessed by: adverse effect… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Analgesic‐decongestant vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, and other central nervous system adverse effects · otherwise healthy adults and children with common cold symptoms

Analgesic‐decongestant showed no clear difference in adverse effects: drowsiness, hypersomnia, lethargy, excessive… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihistamines vs placebo

Adverse effects: impaired cognition Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire (presence or absence given numerical values) · patients with motion sickness

Antihistamines showed no clear difference in adverse effects: impaired cognition Assessed by: adverse effect… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Trihexyphenidyl vs placebo

Adverse effectsb (mood disturbance, irritability, behavioural change, constipation) Measured by: counts of number and type · children with dystonic cerebral palsy

Summary of findings: Trihexyphenidyl may leads to higher adverse effectsb (mood disturbance, irritability, behavioural… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d vs placebo (1‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (1‐week intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Loratadine 10 mg vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Loratadine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d vs placebo (18‐month intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · children with eczema

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (18‐month intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 10 mg/d vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Cetirizine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects (tooth staining/discoloration, oral soft-tissue signs, adverse symptoms such as nausea/vomiting, enamel etching) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less
1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse effects / specific side effects (oral allergic reactions, mucosal irritation, adverse symptoms such as nausea, gagging, vomiting) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less
1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics · prolonged wet cough in children

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in children experiencing adverse effects of antibiotics (e.g.… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TNF‐α blockers intervention vs placebo or additional treatment

Adverse effects after treatment initiation: injection site reactions, neutropenia, infections, demyelinating disease, heart failure, malignancy, and induction of autoimmunity. · children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review