Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

461 questions · 486 findings · 147 reviews

No studies found 150 · 30.9%GRADE not reported 114 · 23.5%Very low 100 · 20.6%Low 58 · 11.9%Moderate 57 · 11.7%High 7 · 1.4%

Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) vs placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Meglumine antimoniate (IMMA) (20 mg/kg/d for 20 days) probably leads to higher adverse effects (number of participants who had at least one adverse… compared with placebo (3 tablets/4 times a day (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10 postpartum days · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

It is very uncertain whether laxative plus bulking agent changes adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10… compared with laxative alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Secukinumab vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects in the short term ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events)… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bexarotene + PUVA vs PUVA

Common adverse effects ‐ Photosensitivity (Time point of measurement: up to 16 weeks) · people with mycosis fungoides

Bexarotene + PUVA showed no clear difference in common adverse effects ‐ Photosensitivity (Time point of… compared with PUVA alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Etanercept vs corticosteroids

Adverse effects leading to discontinuation of SJT/TEN therapy ‐ not reported · Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and SJS/TEN overlap syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) vs placebo

Adverse effects Mild abdominal pain and nausea Adverse effects Mild abnormal liver function · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis

It is very uncertain whether itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) changes adverse effects Mild abdominal pain and nausea Adverse effects Mild… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis

All adverse effects, including allergies at injection site, minor and major bleeding, others ( · adults undergoing KA

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin showed no clear difference in all adverse effects, including allergies at injection site, minor… compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Guselkumab vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Guselkumab showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Secukinumab vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe enough to have caused withdrawal ‐ not reported · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Secukinumab probably leads to higher proportion of participants with adverse effects serious or severe… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Light vibrational forces (LVF) vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Harms: non-serious adverse effects (headache, discomfort, loosening of temporary anchorage devices) · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances

Light vibrational forces (LVF) showed no clear difference in harms: non-serious adverse effects (headache, discomfort, loosening… compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (placebo or no adjunct); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Mosaicplasty vs microfracture

Failure of treatment and adverse effects: long‐term Participants with surgery and symptom recurrence · Adults with isolated cartilage defects (defect areas 1.0 cm2 to 6.0 cm2) of the knee

It is very uncertain whether mosaicplasty changes failure of treatment and adverse effects: long‐term Participants… compared with microfracture (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in proportion of participants with adverse effects with a probable causal link to the treatment · infantile nystagmus syndrome
1 finding from 1 review