Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

12 questions · 15 findings · 6 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 1 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 3 · 20%Very low 1 · 6.7%Low 8 · 53.3%Moderate 1 · 6.7%High 1 · 6.7%

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Use of IPPV before discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether early changes use of IPPV before discharge compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.43, 1.38]
4 studies · 119 participants
Very low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Failure of treatment ‐ death or intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation (IPPV) before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm infants

Early showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.81, 1.39]
2 studies · 237 participants
Low

Early full enteral feeding vs delayed or progressive feeding

Growth restriction (z‐score of weight) at hospital discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

Discharge weight · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

All‐cause mortality at 28 days and before discharge from hospital · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early and late (day 1 to 28 after birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.38, 2.72]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Cognitive outcome · preterm infants

3 findings from 1 review

Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
25 studies · 3132 participants
Low
Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1524 participants
High
Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1453 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Motor outcome in infancy (Bayley, Griffiths Locomotor) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
23 studies · 2737 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Motor outcome at preschool age (Griffiths Locomotor, McCarthy, MABC) · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 264 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Early developmental intervention programmes vs standard follow‐up

Motor outcome at school age (Griffiths Locomotor, MABC) · preterm infants

2 findings from 1 review

Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 265 participants
Low
Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.82, 1.32]
3 studies · 413 participants
Low