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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
432 questions in 71 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
High MCT formula vs low MCT formula Long‐term growth outcomes · promoting short‐term growth of preterm infants High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short‐term growth of preterm… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Duration of continuous positive airway pressure therapy (hours or days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory… Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Duration of neonatal intensive care unit stay (hours or days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory… Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Duration of hospital stay (days) · preterm infants less than 30 weeks' gestational age requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory… Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing mortality and respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) Death or survival with neurosensory disability ‐ not reported · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome Surfactant therapy via thin catheter in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Salbutamol vs placebo/no treatment Duration of mechanical ventilation (hours) · patients with transient tachypnea of the newborn Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Short feeding interval vs long feeding interval Growth during hospital stay (weight gain in g/kg/day) · preterm infants < 1500 g Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Low vs moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels BPD, defined as supplemental oxygen use at 28 days of age ‐ not measured · health problem or population Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Low vs moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels Moderate‐severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 26 months ‐ not measured · health problem or population Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Low vs moderate‐high nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels Moderate‐severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 26 months ‐ not measured · health problem or population Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Enteral zinc supplementation vs no zinc supplementation Change in growth (between start and end of intervention, between 6 weeks to 6 months) · preterm infants Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment Outcomesa · term and late preterm neonates Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs other sources of phototherapy Use of conventional phototherapy, if sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) was first used for prevention or early treatmentc · infants with confirmed hyperbilirubinemia Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment Use of conventional phototherapy, if sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) was first used for prevention or early treatmentc · term and late preterm neonates Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment Treatment failure requiring exchange transfusionc,d · term and late preterm neonates Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment Acute bilirubin encephalopathyc,e · term and late preterm neonates Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs no treatment Deathc · term and late preterm neonates Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sunlight (with or without filters or amplification) vs other sources of phototherapy Outcomesa · infants with confirmed hyperbilirubinemia Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs intermittent modalities Cerebral palsy ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs intermittent modalities Significant mental developmental delay ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs intermittent modalities Legal blindness ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs intermittent modalities Hearing deficit ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs intermittent modalities Neurodevelopmental impairment ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs intermittent modalities Neonatal seizures ‐ not reported · infants at risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives Mortality before discharge · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives Neurodevelopmental outcomes (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs fentanyl Pain (PIPP) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs fentanyl Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs fentanyl Neonatal mortality · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs fentanyl Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months)Â · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs fentanyl Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs fentanyl Neurodevelopmental outcomes (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs diamorphine Pain (PIPP)Â · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs diamorphine Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs diamorphine Mortality before discharge · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs diamorphine Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs diamorphine Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Morphine vs diamorphine Neurodevelopmental outcomes (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs sufentanil Pain (PIPP) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs sufentanil Mortality before discharge · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs sufentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs sufentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs sufentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Pain (PIPP) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neonatal mortality · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Mortality before discharge · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |