Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
587 questions in 116 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in foveation period durations of the waveform ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles Change in visual recognition times ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transepithelial CXL vs epithelium‐off CXL Proportion of participants who gained 10 or more logMAR letters from baseline · participants with keratoconus Transepithelial versus epithelium‐off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transepithelial CXL vs epithelium‐off CXL Proportion of participants who lost 10 or more logMAR letters from baseline · participants with keratoconus Transepithelial versus epithelium‐off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs standard treatment alone Return visit to health care (not reported) · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis Corticosteroids for periorbital and orbital cellulitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in metamorphopsia from baseline to 6‐month · People with lamellar macular holes Surgical interventions for lamellar macular holes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Vision‐related quality of life · People with lamellar macular holes Surgical interventions for lamellar macular holes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse outcomes · People with lamellar macular holes Surgical interventions for lamellar macular holes (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral antibiotics vs placebo Measurements of eradication or decrease in numbers of colonies of positive cultures of bacteria · adult participants with chronic blepharitis Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral antibiotics vs placebo Quality of life measures · adult participants with chronic blepharitis Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral antibiotics vs placebo Economic costs and benefits of different interventions · adult participants with chronic blepharitis Oral antibiotics for chronic blepharitis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Virtual reality training vs wet laboratory or no supplementary training Postoperative complications · ophthalmology trainees for cataract surgery Virtual reality training for cataract surgery operating performance in ophthalmology trainees (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis Blindness (visual acuity less than 20/200) · newborn children Interventions for preventing ophthalmia neonatorum (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Any prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis Any adverse visual outcome · newborn children Interventions for preventing ophthalmia neonatorum (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Contrast sensitivity (log contrast threshold) Measured using a Pelli‐Robson chart. Higher scores represent better contrast sensitivity. · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Quality of life · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy vs control Number of anti‐VEGF injections · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Comparison (intervention vs comparator) · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Orthokeratology contact lenses vs single vision lenses · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Surgery for glaucoma ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF Gain of three or more lines visual acuity · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF Cataract progression · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs antiVEGF Surgery for glaucoma · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs perfluropropane (C3F8) Retina detachment at 3 years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs perfluropropane (C3F8) Visual acuity worse than 20/200 (regardless of anatomic outcome) at two years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs perfluropropane (C3F8) Intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs perfluropropane (C3F8) Visually significant cataract at 3 years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs perfluropropane (C3F8) Quality of life measures at 3 years evaluated using validated scale as reported by study · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard silicone oil vs heavy silicone oil Macular attachment at one year · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard silicone oil vs heavy silicone oil Visual acuity worse than 20/200 (regardless of anatomic outcome) at one year · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard silicone oil vs heavy silicone oil Intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg at one year · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard silicone oil vs heavy silicone oil Visually significant cataract at one year · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard silicone oil vs heavy silicone oil Quality of life measures at two years evaluated using validated scale as reported by study at one year · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
5000‐centistoke vs 1000‐centistoke Visual acuity worse than 20/200 (regardless of anatomic outcome) at 18 months · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
5000‐centistoke vs 1000‐centistoke Quality of life measures at 18 months evaluated using validated scale as reported by study · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Retina detachment at two years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Visual acuity worse than 20/200 (regardless of anatomic outcome) at two years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Intraocular pressure greater than 21 mmHg at two years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Visually significant cataract at two years · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Silicone oil vs sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Quality of life measures at two years evaluated using validated scale as reported by study · surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methods of enhancing vision vs waiting list or no care Health‐related quality of life · adults (>= 18 years) with an irreversible visual impairment Low vision rehabilitation for better quality of life in visually impaired adults (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anti‐VEGF vs laser Mean change in quality of life at 12 months on the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire‐25 (VFQ‐25) (scored 0 to 100) (higher score is better quality of life) · people with BRVO Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extended‐fixed vs monthly injections Cost of treatment per person at 1 year · people with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Treatment regimens for administration of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agents for neovascular… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wavefront‐optimized procedures vs wavefront‐guided procedures Proportion of eyes with significant visual loss (loss of 2 or more lines from pretreatment BSCVA): 12 months · Adults with refractive errors Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wavefront procedures vs conventional procedures Proportion of eyes with uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better post‐treatment:12 months ‐ Procedure: LASIK · Adults with refractive errors Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wavefront‐guided LASIK vs wavefront‐guided PRK Proportion of eyes with significant visual loss (loss of 2 or more lines from pretreatment BSCVA): 12 months · Adults with refractive errors Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wavefront‐guided LASIK vs wavefront‐guided PRK Proportion of eyes with optical side effects, such as glare and halo: 12 months · Adults with refractive errors Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wavefront procedures vs conventional procedures Proportion of eyes within ± 0.50 diopters (D) of target refraction: 12 months ‐ Procedure LASIK · Adults with refractive errors Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wavefront procedures vs conventional procedures Proportion of eyes that had lost 1 or more lines of best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) posttreatment‐procedure LASIK; Mean higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) post‐treatment, measured by machine with wavefront sensor; proportion of eyes wi... · Adults with refractive errors Wavefront excimer laser refractive surgery for adults with refractive errors (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |