What do systematic reviews say?

Pain ‐ not measured · for quadriceps strengthening pre and post total knee replacement

Joint pain reduction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic gout and sUA level > 0.36mmol/L

Pain‐free at 2 hours · adults with episodic tension‐type headache

Pain‐free at 30 mins · adults with cluster headache

Pain ‐ not reported1 · rotator cuff disease

Pain ‐ not reported1 · rotator cuff disease

Validated pain scales · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Discomfort/pain · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Discomfort/pain · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Relief of overall pain ‐ reported as pelvic pain ‐ 3 months · women with endometriosis, following complete surgical excision of lesions

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring dorsalis pedis artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring axillary artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Adverse events (pain) · adults requiring radial artery catheterisation

Abdominal pain · people with irritable bowel syndrome