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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,323 questions · 5,762 findings · 263 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 321 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 4,450 · 77.2%Very low 455 · 7.9%Low 297 · 5.2%Moderate 200 · 3.5%High 39 · 0.7%

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Non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) status and its oral microbiota (exposure/grouping) vs Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years without CLP (controls)

Lactobacillus spp. salivary/plaque counts (cariogenic microbiota) · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)

A meta-analysis found no significant difference in mean Lactobacillus spp. levels between children with and without CLP, with high heterogeneity; the evidence is ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Commercial fluoride-releasing RMGIC orthodontic adhesive (Fuji Ortho LC) vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control

Fluoride ion release · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro)

In vitro, the commercial RMGIC Fuji Ortho LC showed significant fluoride release up to 6 months in a single study (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

TT+TC genotypes vs CC genotype

Dental caries · Children (<18 years) with vs without dental caries

In the Caucasian ethnicity subgroup, TaqI(rs731236) dominant model: TT+TC vs CC showed no significant association with caries (OR 0.84); ungraded.

8 findings from 1 review
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Cranberry extract / juice and proanthocyanidin (flavonoid) fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride)

Bacterial growth inhibition · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

Cranberry extract inhibits S. mutans growth in vitro (MIC ~0.5-60 mg/mL across 7 studies; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Dental caries prevalence · Children (<18 years) with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in India

Dental caries affects about 64% of children with IDD in India (pooled prevalence 0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.79; high heterogeneity; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal vitamin D deficiency (low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy) vs Adequate prenatal vitamin D (sufficient maternal 25(OH)D)

Dental caries prevalence · Children aged 2 to 8 years

The review reported 44% dental caries prevalence among children of mothers with low prenatal vitamin D.

2 findings from 1 review

Ate or licked fluoride toothpaste vs Did not eat or lick fluoride toothpaste

Fluorosis (percentage prevalence in permanent teeth) · Children exposed to topical fluoride when under 6 years old; fluorosis assessed in permanent teeth at 6 to 18 years
1 finding from 1 review
  • Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Fluorosis assessed when most permanent teeth of interest had erupted (6 to 18 years)
    Nine studies investigated whether children ate or licked toothpaste; measurement subjective so not meta-analyzed (Table 1). Findings mixed: some studies found no significant difference; others (e.g. Celeste 2016 OR up…
    9 studies
    GRADE not reported

Advice about a healthy diet (including breastfeeding promotion and sugar avoidance) and feeding practices (e.g. relating to bottle-feeding and sleep) for infants and young children vs usual care

dmfs index score (decayed, missing, filled primary surfaces; range 0-80) · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

Advice about a healthy diet (including breastfeeding promotion and… showed no clear difference in dmfs index score (decayed, missing, filled primary surfaces; range… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence)

Periodontal disease prevalence · Children (<18 years) with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in India

In the single study reporting it, periodontal disease prevalence was 54.2% (single study; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Presence of oral Candida albicans vs Absence of oral Candida albicans

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged ≤6 years (early childhood)

RETRACTED. Among studies before 2017, oral C. albicans presence was associated with higher odds of ECC (OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.79-8.58); ungraded subgroup from a retracted review.

16 findings from 1 review
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Cranberry extract or cranberry flavonoid fractions vs No extract or vehicle control; other antimicrobial agents

Bacterial cell death · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)

No meta-analysis was conducted; one included study reported time- and concentration-dependent bacterial-count reduction with cranberry extract.

1 finding from 1 review

Opal Seal fluoride-releasing primer vs Conventional Transbond XT primer

White spot lesion area · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Opal Seal showed no significant difference in WSL area, with certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years…

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene… showed no clear difference in dmfs index score compared with standard care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review