Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of alcohol‐related consequences ‐ accidents (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs mexiletine

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): composite neurological adverse event (confusion, vertigo, nystagmus, vomiting and diplopia) · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): composite neurological… compared with mexiletine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events (AEs) (grade 3 or 4) ‐ Network included 19 pairwise comparisons ‐ Mean risk with SUN across trials3 in this network: 70.6% · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy
1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs mitomycin

Grade III–V adverse events (local adverse events which result in delay intravesical treatment were regarded as Grade III–V complications) · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine changes grade III–V adverse events (local adverse events which result in… compared with mitomycin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection; cosmetic result ‐ e.g. prominent metalwork ‐ and symptomatic hardware) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection;… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (SAEs) ‐ Network included 31 pairwise comparisons ‐ Mean risk with SUN across trials3 included in this network: 40.7% · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) ‐ Network included 31 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques

Specific serious adverse events: further surgery (device removal or revision)i assessed as: any unplanned secondary surgery to remove device · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb

It is very uncertain whether bioengineered devices changes specific serious adverse events: further surgery (device removal or… compared with standard techniques (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

There was no evidence of differences in the number of serious adverse events for any of the comparisons Quality of evidence = very low1,2,3. · people undergoing liver resection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Live zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events regardless of type of storage of the vaccine Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Live zoster vaccine showed no clear difference in participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ acute splenic sequestration Clinical events experienced by children during the 1 year period commencing at entry to the trial · 117 children with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ acute splenic sequestration Clinical events… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication or composite outcome (medication adherence and rate of adverse events) ATCS Plus versus usual care · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests
1 finding from 1 review

Clonazepam vs carbamazepine

Proportion of participants with treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) ‐ Leading to discontinuation during the treatment period № of participants: 36 (1 RCT) · people with newly diagnosed epilepsy

It is very uncertain whether clonazepam changes proportion of participants with treatment‐emergent adverse events… compared with carbamazepine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or no treatment (Spontaneous reporting of dichotomous outcomes) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tavaborole 5% solution vs vehicle

Adverse events (directly related to treatment, collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails

Tavaborole 5% solution probably leads to higher adverse events (directly related to treatment, collected over the… compared with vehicle (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ciclopirox 8% lacquer vs vehicle

Adverse events (directly related to treatment, collected over the course of the studies; they are not measured/reported for specific time points) · People with fungal infections of the toenails

Ciclopirox 8% lacquer showed no clear difference in adverse events (directly related to treatment, collected over the… compared with vehicle (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (as defined in the primary study) Participant reports. Serious adverse events observed during double‐blind treatment period · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    12 studies · 4289 participants
    Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcome: unintended adverse events attributable to the intervention Multimodal/complex intervention, ATCS Plus, IVR versus various controls · participants at risk of developing long‐term conditions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review