What do systematic reviews say?

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL DECANOATE vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Zuclopenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture vs valproate

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture showed no clear difference in frequency of adverse effects ‐ sleepiness ( compared with valproate (low certainty).

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.15, 2.38]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture plus valproate vs valproate

Summary of findings: needle acupuncture plus valproate showed no clear difference in frequency of adverse effects ‐ sleepiness ( compared with valproate alone (low certainty).

• Acupuncture for epilepsy 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.24, 2.08]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Low

FLUPHENAZINE vs LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS

FLUPHENAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects‐at least one adverse effect compared with LOW‐POTENCY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (moderate certainty).

• Fluphenazine versus low‐potency first‐generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.58, 1.07]
  1 study · 65 participants
  Moderate

Pre‐hospital vs in‐hospital thrombolysis

Pre‐hospital showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ ventricular Fribrillation compared with in‐hospital thrombolysis (low certainty).

• Pre‐hospital versus in‐hospital thrombolysis for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.73 [0.68, 10.86]
  2 studies · 178 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Therapeutic exercise for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 43 participants
  GRADE not reported

QUETIAPINE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

QUETIAPINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: 3. Metabolic ‐ weight gain compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (low certainty).

• Quetiapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.25, 1.11]
  2 studies · 135 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in the number of patients with adverse effects (low certainty).

• Rituximab for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.94, 1.05]
  1 study · 104 participants
  Low

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin vs photodynamic therapy with 5% dextrose

Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin leads to higher adverse effects: infusion‐related back pain compared with photodynamic therapy with 5% dextrose (high certainty).

• Photodynamic therapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration 2007 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 9.93 [2.82, 35.02]
  4 studies · 1439 participants
  High

Oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin vs inhaled tobramycin

It is very uncertain whether oral ciprofloxacin and inhaled colistin changes adverse effects of antibiotics: severe cough compared with inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (very low certainty).

• Antibiotic strategies for eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.24]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Very low

Antihistamines vs scopolamine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

LMWH prophylaxis vs UFH

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: LMWH changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with UFH (very low certainty).

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.54]
  2 studies · 226 participants
  Very low

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis: UFH vs no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): heparin (LMWH or UFH) vs no treatment/placebo

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 140 participants
  Very low

Peripartum/postnatal prophylaxis (caesarean): LMWH vs UFH

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Postnatal prophylaxis: LMWH vs no treatment/placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

It is very uncertain whether antenatal (± postnatal) prophylaxis: heparin (LMWH or UFH) changes adverse effects sufficient to stop treatment compared with no treatment/placebo (very low certainty).

• Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.05, 5.31]
  1 study · 139 participants
  Very low

NSAID (single administration, any dose) vs paracetamol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea (very low certainty).

• Osmotic therapies added to antibiotics for acute bacterial meningitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.81, 1.47]
  2 studies · 851 participants
  Very low