Non-Cochrane · prevalence · PM42144904
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Dry Mouth in Older Adults.
Kamnoedboon Porawit, Spyraki Foteini, Thomson W Murray, et al. · Gerodontology · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1111/ger.70076
Findings
9 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults aged 50 years and older in population-representative samples | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable (prevalence) | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) General population (community-dwelling and population-representative samples) · Sensitivity: excluding Albani et al. 2021 and Castrejon-Perez et al. 2023 | Prevalence (%) 20 [18, 22] GRADE not reported 32 studies |
| Adults aged 50 years and older in population-representative samples | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable (prevalence) | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) General population (community-dwelling and population-representative samples) · Sensitivity: excluding Castrejon-Perez et al. 2023 | Prevalence (%) 21 [19, 23] GRADE not reported 33 studies |
| Population-representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older | Not applicable (prevalence review); xerostomia | None | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) Prevalence at time of survey · General population (community) samples worldwide | Prevalence, percent (random effects, Freeman-Tukey double arcsine, DerSimonian-Laird) 21 [19, 23] GRADE not reported 34 studies · 1640079 participants |
| Population-representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older | Not applicable (prevalence review); xerostomia | None | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) Prevalence at time of survey · General population (community) samples worldwide · 95% prediction interval Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | Prediction interval 11% to 34% GRADE not reported 34 studies · 1640079 participants |
| Adults aged 50 years and older in population-representative samples | Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable (prevalence) | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) General population (community-dwelling and population-representative samples) · Sensitivity: excluding Albani et al. 2021 | Prevalence (%) 20 [19, 22] GRADE not reported 33 studies |
| Population-representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older | Not applicable (prevalence review); salivary gland hypofunction | None | Salivary gland hypofunction by unstimulated whole saliva (UWS, 0.1 mL/min or less) Prevalence at time of survey · General population (community) samples worldwide · 95% prediction interval Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | Prediction interval 0% to 71% GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1291 participants |
| Population-representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older | Not applicable (prevalence review); salivary gland hypofunction | None | Salivary gland hypofunction by unstimulated whole saliva (UWS, 0.1 mL/min or less) Prevalence at time of survey · General population (community) samples worldwide | Prevalence, percent (random effects, Freeman-Tukey double arcsine, DerSimonian-Laird) 12 [4, 24] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 1291 participants |
| Population-representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older | Not applicable (prevalence review); salivary gland hypofunction | None | Salivary gland hypofunction by stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 0.7 mL/min or less) Prevalence at time of survey · General population (community) samples worldwide | Prevalence, percent (random effects, Freeman-Tukey double arcsine, DerSimonian-Laird) 13 [3, 28] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 995 participants |
| Population-representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older | Not applicable (prevalence review); salivary gland hypofunction | None | Salivary gland hypofunction by stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 0.7 mL/min or less) Prevalence at time of survey · General population (community) samples worldwide · 95% prediction interval Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | Prediction interval 0% to 77% GRADE not reported 4 studies · 995 participants |
Included primary studies 37
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lin 2022 Physical Frailty and Oral Frailty Associated with Late-Life Depression in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PMID:35330459 | 2022 | 4 other reviews | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2024 Prevalence of oral frailty and its association with dietary variety, social engagement, and physical frailty: Results from the Oral… PMID:38390632 | 2024 | 1 other review | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Shiota 2023 Oral Hypofunction and Risk of Weight Change among Independent Older Adults. PMID:37892444 | 2023 | 1 other review | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Tanaka 2023 Oral frailty five-item checklist to predict adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults: A Kashiwa cohort study. PMID:37661091 | 2023 | 1 other review | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Abbas 2021 Oral status and homebound status: A 6-year bidirectional exploratory prospective cohort study. PMID:34601759 | 2023 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Abe 2024 Effect of oral health on functional disability and mortality in older adults in Japan: a cohort study. PMID:39427678 | 2024 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Albani 2021 Associations of poor oral health with frailty and physical functioning in the oldest old: results from two studies in England and Japan. PMID:33736595 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Anttila 1998 Depressive symptoms as an underlying factor of the sensation of dry mouth. PMID:9560872 | 1998 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Astrom 2019 Self-reported dry mouth among ageing people: a longitudinal, cross-national study. PMID:30584805 | 2019 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Bakker 2020 Self-reported oral health problems and the ability to organize dental care of community-dwelling elderly aged ≥75 years. PMID:32615975 | 2020 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Benn 2015 Occurrence and impact of xerostomia among dentate adult New Zealanders: findings from a national survey. PMID:25330435 | 2015 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Castrejon-Perez 2023 Frailty index and ten oral conditions in the Coyoacan cohort study: A cross-sectional analysis. PMID:36358062 | 2023 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Crews 2020 Self-Reported Oral Health Status Among Adults Aged 40+ Years With and Without Vision Impairment: National Health Interview Study, 2008. PMID:31604065 | 2020 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| da Silva 2017 General health influences episodes of xerostomia: a prospective population-based study. PMID:28004397 | 2017 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Diep 2021 Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. PMID:33501713 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth); Salivary gland hypofunction by unstimulated whole saliva (UWS, 0.1 mL/min or less); Salivary gland hypofunction by stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 0.7 mL/min or less) | not extracted yet |
| Drachev 2022 Prevalence of and factors associated with dental service utilization among early elderly in Lithuania. PMID:34974840 | 2022 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Fornari 2021 Prevalence of xerostomia and its association with systemic diseases and medications in the elderly: a cross-sectional study. PMID:34190871 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Hynne 2022 The relationship between ocular and oral dryness in a cohort from the 65-year-old population in Norway. PMID:35697848 | 2022 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth); Salivary gland hypofunction by unstimulated whole saliva (UWS, 0.1 mL/min or less); Salivary gland hypofunction by stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 0.7 mL/min or less) | not extracted yet |
| Ianunzio 2019 Direct effect of common mental disorders on xerostomia in adults estimated by marginal structural models: A population-based study. PMID:30891807 | 2019 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2018 Hyposalivation and 10-year all-cause mortality in an elderly Japanese population. PMID:29322550 | 2018 | this review only | Salivary gland hypofunction by stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 0.7 mL/min or less) | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2023 Validation of self-reported articulatory oral motor skill against objectively measured repetitive articulatory rate in community-dwelling… PMID:37673795 | 2023 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Jamieson 2020 Xerostomia: its prevalence and associations in the adult Australian population. PMID:32583587 | 2020 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Johansson 2012 Self-reported dry mouth in Swedish population samples aged 50, 65 and 75 years. PMID:22050189 | 2012 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Johansson 2020 Self-reported dry mouth in 50- to 80-year-old Swedes: Longitudinal and cross-sectional population studies. PMID:31444791 | 2020 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Johansson 2022 Temporal changes and gender differences related to orofacial symptoms in two cohorts of 75-year-old Swedish subjects examined in 2007 and… PMID:36193569 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Karawekpanyawong 2022 Oral Health and Nutritional Intake in Community-Dwelling 90-Year-Old Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study. PMID:35233817 | 2023 | this review only | Salivary gland hypofunction by stimulated whole saliva (SWS, 0.7 mL/min or less) | not extracted yet |
| Kubo 2024 Longitudinal association between oral function and underweight onset among community-dwelling older adults: Role of regular self-weighing. PMID:38192111 | 2024 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Lu 2020 Dysphagia and masticatory performance as a mediator of the xerostomia to quality of life relation in the older population. PMID:33267812 | 2020 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Morishita 2021 Relationship between Mortality and Oral Function of Older People Requiring Long-Term Care in Rural Areas of Japan: A Four-Year Prospective… PMID:33579046 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Ohara 2022 Xerostomia as a key predictor of physical frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: a five-year prospective cohort study… PMID:34922245 | 2022 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Perez-Gonzalez 2021 Association between xerostomia, oral and general health, and obesity in adults. A cross-sectional pilot study. PMID:34023839 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Quandt 2011 Dry mouth and dietary quality in older adults in north Carolina. PMID:21391935 | 2011 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| So 2010 Dry mouth among the elderly in Korea: a survey of prevalence, severity, and associated factors. PMID:20868994 | 2010 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Stankeviciene 2021 Association between Diet and Xerostomia: Is Xerostomia a Barrier to a Healthy Eating Pattern? PMID:34959787 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Thomson 1999 The occurrence of xerostomia and salivary gland hypofunction in a population-based sample of older South Australians. PMID:10483456 | 1999 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth); Salivary gland hypofunction by unstimulated whole saliva (UWS, 0.1 mL/min or less) | not extracted yet |
| Thomson 2021 Xerostomia and polypharmacy among dependent older New Zealanders: a national survey. PMID:32706865 | 2021 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2020 Association between symptoms of xerostomia and dry eye in older people. PMID:31542280 | 2020 | this review only | Xerostomia (self-reported dry mouth) | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults aged 50 years and older in general population-based, representative samples | Adults aged 50 years and older; xerostomia n=1640079 (34 studies); SGH UWS n=1291 (3 studies); SGH SWS n=995 (4 studies) |
| Intervention | Not applicable (prevalence review) | Not applicable (prevalence review) |
| Comparison | Not applicable (prevalence review) | Not applicable (prevalence review) |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of xerostomia (self-report) and salivary gland hypofunction (objective salivary flow rate) | Xerostomia 21% (95% CI 19-23); SGH by UWS <= 0.1 mL/min 12% (95% CI 4-24); SGH by SWS <= 0.7 mL/min 13% (95% CI 3-28) |
| Study designs | Cross-sectional or cohort studies; clinical or convenience samples, case-control, case series, reviews excluded | 37 studies (cross-sectional and cohort); 36 eligible for meta-analysis |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |