Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM42034972
The prevalence and associated factors of oral frailty in older Chinese patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zheng Tian, Li Jingxuan, Li Jia, et al. · BMC geriatrics · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07524-5
Findings
Population Older Chinese adults (60 years or older) with chronic diseases
27 findings
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Start year: 2024-2025 | Prevalence (%) 52.45 [41.67, 63.23] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Study region: Eastern coastal | Prevalence (%) 53.11 [41.45, 64.76] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Number of chronic diseases: 2 or more | Prevalence (%) 66.22 [53.09, 79.34] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Sensitivity analysis: leave-one-out | Sensitivity analysis of oral frailty prevalence showed no significant difference in the pooled prevalence when any individual study was removed. GRADE not reported 16 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Quality grade (AHRQ): High | Prevalence (%) 57.18 [41.05, 73.31] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Sample source: Whole hospital | Prevalence (%) 47.86 [36.32, 59.40] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Start year: 2023-2024 | Prevalence (%) 60.06 [39.68, 80.44] GRADE not reported 7 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Start year: Before 2023 | Prevalence (%) 43.32 [38.62, 48.02] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Quality grade (AHRQ): Moderate | Prevalence (%) 53.13 [38.21, 68.04] GRADE not reported 11 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Study region: Western | Prevalence (%) 59.66 [25.73, 93.60] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Random-effects overall (Figure 2) | Prevalence (%) 55.14 [46.23, 63.88] GRADE not reported 16 studies · 5045 participants |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Gender ratio (male/female): >1 (male-dominant) | Prevalence (%) 59.62 [44.50, 74.74] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | Prevalence (%) 54.33 [52.95, 55.71] GRADE not reported 16 studies · 5045 participants |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Number of chronic diseases: <2 | Prevalence (%) 42.67 [34.67, 50.67] GRADE not reported 8 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Sample source: Single department | Prevalence (%) 59.54 [42.94, 76.14] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Study region: Central | Prevalence (%) 52.22 [39.99, 64.45] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Not applicable (prevalence) | Not applicable | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China · Gender ratio (male/female): <1 (female-dominant) | Prevalence (%) 45.09 [32.11, 58.07] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Number of chronic conditions (2 or more vs fewer than 2) | Fewer than 2 chronic conditions | Logit-transformed prevalence of oral frailty (multivariable meta-regression) Hospital and community, China · Adjusted for gender ratio | Meta-regression coefficient (logit prevalence) 1.03 [0.13, 1.92] GRADE not reported 15 studies |
| Male-dominant sample (gender ratio >1) | Female-dominant sample | Logit-transformed prevalence of oral frailty (multivariable meta-regression) Hospital and community, China · Adjusted for number of chronic conditions | Meta-regression coefficient (logit prevalence) 0.47 [-0.44, 1.37] GRADE not reported 15 studies |
| Advanced age (70 years or older) | Younger age | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 1.14 [1.07, 1.23] GRADE not reported 9 studies |
| Smoking history | No smoking history | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 4.54 [2.86, 7.19] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Frailty | No frailty | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 4.01 [2.93, 5.49] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Two or more chronic diseases | Fewer than 2 chronic diseases | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 3.14 [1.64, 6.03] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Disease duration of 10 years or longer | Shorter disease duration | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 3.51 [2.20, 5.62] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Good oral self-efficacy | Poor oral self-efficacy | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 0.89 [0.84, 0.95] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Malnutrition | No malnutrition | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 2.64 [1.86, 3.74] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Depression | No depression | Oral frailty (OFI-8) Hospital and community, China | OR 1.97 [0.68, 5.76] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
Included primary studies 16
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lu 2025 DOI:10.19749/j.cn.cjgd.1672-2973.2025.03.009 | NR | 2 other reviews | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Luo 2025 Influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study based on the integral model… DOI:10.1186/s12903-025-05815-8 | 2025 | 2 other reviews | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Tian 2025 Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiyuan, China DOI:10.1186/s12877-025-06052-y | 2025 | 2 other reviews | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2024 (Chen M) The current status and influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients based on the Andersen Oral Health… DOI:10.1186/s12903-024-04872-9 | 2024 | 1 other review | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2025 (Chen YP) DOI:10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2025.02.004 | NR | 1 other review | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Fan 2024 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-1256.2024.18.020 | NR | 1 other review | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Su 2025 DOI:10.20047/j.issn1673-7210.2025.17.24 | NR | 1 other review | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2024 DOI:10.13799/j.cnki.mdjyxyxb.2024.02.034 | NR | 1 other review | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Guo 2025 (Guo R) DOI:10.16386/j.cjpccd.issn.1004-6194.20240816.0614 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Guo 2025 (Guo ZX) DOI:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2025.03.004 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Liang 2024 DOI:10.12104/j.issn.1674-4748.2024.10.030 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Shao 2025 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0588.2025.02.004 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2025 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756.2025.03.009 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Yi 2025 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2025.07.015 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Yu 2025 Associated factors of oral frailty in older adults with long-term T2DM duration of more than 10 years DOI:10.1186/s12877-025-05925-6 | 2025 | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
| Zhong 2024 DOI:10.7619/jcmp.20240638 | NR | this review only | Prevalence of oral frailty (OFI-8) | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Chinese older adults (aged 60 years or older) with a confirmed diagnosis of one or more chronic diseases, community or hospital settings | Older Chinese adults with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, COPD, malignant tumors, stroke, Parkinson disease, end-stage renal disease, coronary heart disease (n=5045) |
| Intervention | Not specified | Not applicable |
| Comparison | Not specified | Not applicable |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of oral frailty by a validated instrument (e.g. OFI-8) and associated factors | Oral frailty prevalence (OFI-8) (16 studies); associated factors (8 factors) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cross-sectional or cohort) conducted in China | 16 cross-sectional studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |