Cochrane · intervention · CD008934
Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies
Furness, S, Worthington, HV, Bryan, G, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2011 · Cochrane Library
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full review (methods and results), not only its Summary of Findings table.
Questions
64
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
36
as reported
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 64 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, diabetes, graft-versus-host disease, haemodialysis, medication use, prior radiotherapy) | All included trials in adults (15 to 106 participants, mean 44). Cause of xerostomia: current/previous radiotherapy (n=8), Sjogren's syndrome (n=5), combination of factors (n=12), medication (n=6), advanced cancer/haemodialysis/old age (n=3), unclear (n=2) |
| Intervention | Any topical treatment for xerostomia: saliva substitutes (sprays, gels, oils, mouthwashes, mouthrinses, pastilles or viscous liquids); saliva stimulants (lozenges, chewing gums, toothpastes) | Pilocarpine lozenge (n=1); Physostigmine gel (n=1); Mucin spray Saliva Orthana (n=4); Mucin lozenge (n=1); Mucoadhesive disk (n=1); Carbopol spray (n=1); CMC spray/mouthwash/swabs (n=6); Xanthum gum spray Xialine (n=2); Buffered prophylin gel (n=1); Chewing gum (n=7); Linseed oil spray/mouthwash Salinum (n=2); OGT spray (n=2); Betaine/SLS toothpaste (n=1); Mouthcare systems Biotene/Bioxtra/Xerostom (n=5); Intraoral gel-releasing devices (n=3) |
| Comparison | Placebo, no treatment, or another active topical treatment | Placebo (n=12); Usual/standard care (n=2); Active topical comparator (n=22) |
| Outcomes | Primary: Xerostomia short term (at end of treatment) and longer term (3 months after end of treatment). Secondary: Salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva); Quality of life; Patient satisfaction/preference; Oral health assessment | Xerostomia/dry mouth (n=36); Unstimulated whole saliva (n=15); Quality of life (n=1); Patient satisfaction/preference (n=14); Oral health assessment (n=5) |
| Study designs | Randomised controlled trials (parallel and crossover; crossover required random order and a minimum 8-hour washout) | Randomised controlled trials (parallel and crossover) |
| Timing | Short term (at end of treatment); longer term (3 months after end of treatment) | Not reported (treatment phases ranged from a single dose to 4 weeks) |
Search date: 2011-10. Databases: The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE via OVID; EMBASE via OVID; CINAHL via EBSCO; AMED via OVID; CANCERLIT via PubMed
Questions and results
Current version onlyPilocarpine lozenge (3 mg or 5 mg) vs Placebo lozenge
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (oral dryness) Single dose (up to 3 hours) | Taweechaisupapong 2006 (crossover): participants reported a statistically significant improvement in oral dryness after both 3 mg and 5 mg pilocarpine lozenges vs placebo (P <= 0.05); no usable data presented. No… | 1 study · 33 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (saliva production) Single dose (up to 3 hours) | Statistically significant increase in saliva production vs placebo (P <= 0.05); maximum salivary output 60 to 90 minutes post-lozenge; no data presented. | 1 study · 33 participants | Ungraded |
Physostigmine gel (1.8 mg) vs Placebo gel
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (VAS mouth dryness, AUC over 180 min) | Khosravani 2009 (crossover, low risk of bias, n=17): reduction in oral dryness (VAS area-under-curve over first 180 minutes) after 1.8 mg physostigmine gel; reported graphically, not usable for meta-analysis. | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (saliva secretion) | Approximately fivefold increase in saliva secretion; mean AUC salivary volume 43.4 +/- 9.4 (physostigmine) vs 8.3 +/- 6.6 (placebo), P < 0.001. Adverse effects: 8 mild gastrointestinal upsets, 1 sweating. | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Mucin spray (Saliva Orthana) vs Placebo spray (base without mucin)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health assessment | Blixt-Johansen 1992 (parallel, elderly long-term care, poor oral mucosa): oral mucosa improved in both groups but a much greater reduction in oral pathology in the mucin spray group; no data presented. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (VAS mouth dryness) | Duxbury 1989 (crossover): statistically significant improvement in dry mouth on a VAS favouring the mucin spray group (Analysis 1.2; SMD not numerically reported). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Duration of relief of dryness | Duxbury 1989: no difference between mucin spray and placebo in the duration of relief of dryness (Analysis 1.4). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Patient satisfaction / desire to continue treatment | Sweeney 1997: majority in both groups wished to continue the allocated spray, no significant difference (Analysis 1.3). Duxbury 1989: 14/30 (46.6%) and 15/30 (50%) wished to continue Saliva Orthana and the spray base… | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Improvement in dry mouth (dichotomous) | Sweeney 1997 (parallel, n=31, terminal cancer): both sprays improved dry mouth symptoms but no statistically significant difference between mucin spray and placebo for improved dry mouth (Analysis 1.1; RR not… | 1 study · 31 participants | Ungraded |
Mucin-containing lozenge vs Placebo lozenge
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | Patient preference strongly favoured the mucin lozenge (P < 0.001, binomial test). | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (VAS mouth dryness) | Gravenmade 1993 (crossover, high risk of bias, n=42, Sjogren's syndrome): no statistically significant difference between mucin lozenge and placebo for mouth dryness on a VAS (Analysis 1.2). | 1 study · 42 participants | Ungraded |
Mucoadhesive disk (carbomer/triglycerides + antimicrobial agents) vs Placebo disk
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (oral dryness/moistness) | Kerr 2010 (crossover, high risk of bias): no difference in oral dryness between active and placebo disks; increase in subjective oral moistness with both, persisting up to 2 weeks after last use (likely carryover);… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Salivary flow | No difference in salivary flow rates between active and placebo disks. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Carbopol (polyacrylic acid/acetate) spray vs Placebo spray
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (oral dryness) | van der Reijden 1996 (crossover, Sjogren's syndrome): carbopol spray found partially effective; none of the sprays were completely effective; no data suitable for inclusion. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Patient preference | Patient preference for active sprays vs placebo nearly attained significance (Chi2 7.259, df=3; P = 0.064); 15/43 participants expressed no desire to continue any spray after the trial. | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) spray vs Placebo (spray base without CMC / water)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (oral dryness) | Donatsky 1982 (crossover, n=15, Sjogren's syndrome): CMC spray had a similar effect on oral dryness to the spray base, but was more effective than water. Paired crossover data not presented; effect size not estimable. | 1 study · 15 participants | Ungraded |
Patient preference | Patient preference evenly split between CMC spray and spray base. | 1 study · 15 participants | Ungraded |
Xanthum gum-containing spray (Xialine) vs Placebo spray (base without xanthum)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (EORTC dry mouth score) | Jellema 2001 (crossover, n=30, post-radiotherapy): no statistically significant difference between Xialine (xanthum gum) spray and placebo on the EORTC dry mouth score (Analysis 1.2). van der Reijden 1996: xanthum… | 2 studies · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Buffered 'Prophylin' prophylactic gel vs Placebo (unbuffered gel / water)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary flow (salivary secretion rate) | Attempts to measure saliva secretion failed because the elderly participants were unable to co-operate. | 1 study · 14 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (dry mouth symptoms) | Persson 2007 (crossover, n=14, institutionalised elderly): no dry mouth symptom data after treatment were presented. | 1 study · 14 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health (oral pH, cariogenic bacteria, Candida) | No difference between buffered gel, unbuffered gel and water for oral pH, cariogenic bacteria or Candida species. | 1 study · 14 participants | Ungraded |
Chewing gum (mechanical saliva stimulant) vs Saliva substitute spray
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | Bots 2005: statistically significant preference for chewing gum over Xialine spray, 39/49 (80%) preferred gum vs 10/49 (20%) spray (Chi2 17.16, df=1; P < 0.001) (Analysis 2.3). Davies 2000: more people preferred gum,… | 1 study · 65 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (mouth dryness, VAS/scale) | SMD -0.11 [-0.33, 0.11] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) | MD 0.01 [-0.01, 0.04] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Saliva stimulant lozenge (sorbitol, Sorbee) vs Saliva substitute spray (MouthKote)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | Stewart 1998: no statistically significant difference in patient preference between lozenge and spray (Analysis 2.3). | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) | MD -0.01 [-0.03, 0.02] | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Various saliva stimulants (chewable tablet, lozenges, chewing gum, CMC mouthrinse/sprays; 8-arm) vs Saliva substitutes / other products
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (dry mouth relief) | Bjornstrom 1990 (8-arm crossover, high risk of bias, 106 enrolled, 55 used all 8 products): all products relieved dry mouth and difficulty talking/swallowing 'to some extent'; V6 chewing gum and Salivin lozenge ranked… | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (stimulated whole saliva) | No product had a long-term effect on stimulated whole saliva production. | 1 study · 106 participants | Ungraded |
Dentirol chewing gum (xylitol) vs Profylin lozenge (xylitol/sorbitol + CMC)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | Patients ranked gum and lozenge equal for preference. | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (stimulated whole saliva) | No change in stimulated whole saliva. | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (dry mouth relief) | Risheim 1993 (crossover, high risk of bias, n=18, rheumatic patients): both products gave good subjective relief of dry mouth in slightly less than one third of participants; crossover design not accounted for, no… | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) spray vs Salinum linseed oil spray
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | Statistically significant preference for linseed spray: of 17 with a preference, more favoured linseed (Chi2 4.77, df=1; P = 0.029); 3 expressed no preference. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health (plaque and gingival indices) | Mean plaque and gingival indices were reduced during the Salinum (linseed) period; incomplete comparative data. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (oral dryness) | Andersson 1995 (crossover, n=20): more participants experienced a reduction in oral dryness with linseed (Salinum) spray than with CMC spray; crossover data not accounted for, no usable estimate. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
CMC spray / HCC spray / HCC gel vs Liquid margarine (and between each other)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (median oral dryness) | Furumoto 1998 (crossover, n=28, medians/IQR): median day-10 oral dryness (lower = less dry): CMC spray 28.00 (3.06), HCC spray 28.75 (2.23), HCC gel 27.75 (3.62), margarine 29.25 (5.06). Only HCC gel showed a… | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Patient satisfaction | HCC gel rated better than margarine for convenience, perceived value, minutes of relief and overall rating; no other significant between-group differences. | 1 study · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) mouthwash vs Glycerin mouthwash
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Improvement in dry mouth ('excellent benefit', dichotomous) | RR 3.95 [1.17, 13.36] | 1 study · 148 participants | Ungraded |
CMC/sorbitol pre-moistened swabs vs Lemon glycerin swabs
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health (dentition and gingival scores) | CMC/sorbitol also improved dentition and gingival scores; no supporting data presented. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (oral dryness) | Poland 1987 (crossover, high risk of bias, n=20): CMC/sorbitol reported superior to lemon glycerin for reducing oral dryness; brief report, incomplete data, period effect noted; not usable for meta-analysis. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Patient preference | Patient preference favoured CMC/sorbitol (Chi2 10.89, df=1; P = 0.001). | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
CMC spray / aloe vera gel / canola oil spray vs Mucin spray (and between each other)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (mean xerostomia score) | Momm 2005 (crossover, n=123): all four treatments significantly reduced dryness vs baseline (mean xerostomia score, scale 1 to 6: baseline 4.5 +/- 0.11; post-treatment aloe vera 3.7 +/- 0.11, CMC 3.8 +/- 0.12, canola… | 1 study · 123 participants | Ungraded |
Patient preference | No significant difference in patient preference between the treatments (Chi2 3.67, df=3; P = 0.30). | 1 study · 123 participants | Ungraded |
Oxygenated glycerol triester (OGT) spray vs Saliveeze (aqueous electrolyte) spray
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (mouth dryness scale) | SMD 0.77 [0.38, 1.15] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Oral health (overall mouth condition) | Mouly 2007b: overall mouth condition improved in both groups; no significant differences between the treatment groups. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Patient satisfaction | Mouly 2007b: patient satisfaction measured by VAS for global acceptability (Analysis 3.4); no significant difference between treatments for overall oral condition. Satisfaction for taste favoured OGT (mean VAS… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Salinum (linseed) mouthwash vs Salinum plus chlorhexidine mouthwash
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (oral dryness) | Johansson 2001 (crossover, n=33, Sjogren's syndrome): both products improved oral dryness and chewing/swallowing; Salinum alone reduced speaking problems and burning mouth. Paired data not accounted for; no usable… | 1 study · 33 participants | Ungraded |
OASIS moisturising mouthwash vs Experimental mouthwash formulation
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (dry mouth) | Shirodaria 2006 (crossover): OASIS reported to give a statistically significant improvement over subjects' normal remedies, but the report did not present the randomised OASIS-versus-experimental comparison; no data… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Betaine (BET) toothpaste (4%) vs SLS toothpaste (1%) and combined BET+SLS toothpaste
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (relief of oral dryness) | Rantanen 2003 (crossover): relief of oral dryness BET 44% vs BET+SLS 22% (P = 0.002) vs SLS 18% (P = 0.022) vs reference toothpaste 7% (P < 0.001); betaine-only significantly better than the other toothpastes. No… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Commercial mouthcare system (Biotene Oral Balance / Xerostom) vs Usual care or CMC-based control
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) | MD 0.02 [-0.02, 0.06] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
Quality of life (xerostomia-related) | Ship 2007 reported xerostomia-related quality of life; no usable comparative data. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (VAS mouth dryness) | SMD 1.11 [0.33, 1.89] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Biotene Oral Balance mouthcare system vs Bioxtra mouthcare system
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Quality of life (xerostomia-related) | No difference between systems for overall xerostomia-related quality of life (15-item survey). Bioxtra rated better for taste; no difference for mouth 'feel'. Trial likely underpowered. | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (VAS mouth dryness) | SMD 0.69 [0.08, 1.30] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Intraoral device releasing Biotene Oral Balance gel vs Usual care (no intraoral device)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | More participants preferred the intraoral device (66%) compared with usual care; data not suitable for meta-analysis. | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) | MD 0.05 [-0.04, 0.14] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (mouth dryness, median) | Frost 2002 (crossover, n=30, Sjogren's syndrome): overall mouth dryness favoured the device but only nearly significant (median 4 (IQR 2 to 4) device vs 3 (2 to 4) control; P = 0.056). Speech (P = 0.003) and swallowing… | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Intraoral device releasing Biotene Oral Balance gel vs Manually administered bolus of the same gel
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Xerostomia (Xerostomia Inventory) | SMD -1.01 [-1.44, -0.58] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Patient satisfaction | Patient satisfaction scores favoured the gel bolus over the intraoral device (Analysis 3.4). | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow / oral health | No difference between device and bolus in unstimulated whole saliva, oral microbial profile or generalised inflammation. | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Reservoir biteguard device releasing a saliva substitute (with KY jelly + Saliva Orthana) vs Biteguard without reservoir (with KY jelly + Saliva Orthana)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral health (oral impacts on daily performances) | More in the reservoir group experienced relief of an oral impact and fewer a new impact (OIDP), but no difference in the total impact score between groups. | 1 study · 86 participants | Ungraded |
Xerostomia (Xerostomia Inventory) | SMD -0.06 [-0.48, 0.37] | 1 study · 86 participants | Ungraded |
V6 chewing gum / mucin chewing gum vs Placebo gum (and between each other)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient preference | Preference favoured mucin gum (61%) over V6 (21%) and placebo (5%). | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
Salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) | Aagaard 1992 (crossover, n=43): approximately 50% of participants had an increase in unstimulated whole saliva from all products; unclear how many completed the trial; no usable data. | 1 study · 43 participants | Ungraded |
V6 chewing gum vs PTC chewing gum (xylitol/sorbitol/mannitol)
Population: Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy, haemodialysis)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary flow (saliva secretion) | Olsson 1991 (crossover, high risk of bias, n=14): both gums increased saliva secretion, peaking 17.5 minutes after chewing started; significant treatment-by-period interaction; no per-group data presented. | 1 study · 14 participants | Ungraded |
Any non-systemic treatment for xerostomia: saliva substitutes (sprays, gels, oils, viscous liquids); saliva stimulants (lozenges, chewing gums, toothpastes); mouthwashes/mouthrinses; acupuncture/acupressure; electrostimulation devices; hypnosis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active non-systemic treatment
Population: Patients seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Salivary flow (unstimulated or stimulated whole saliva, weight or volume over 5 minutes) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral health assessment (plaque/gingival indices, oral mucositis scale, oral infections, tooth loss) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient satisfaction with / preference for the treatment(s) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Quality of life (validated scale, e.g. HRQOL or HNQOL) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Xerostomia (dry mouth symptom; dichotomous improved/not, or continuous/VAS/questionnaire score) Short term (within 4 weeks of start) and longer term (3 months after start) | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |