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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,519 questions · 2,563 findings · 167 reviews · Schizophrenia · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 584 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 442 · 17.2%Very low 719 · 28.1%Low 505 · 19.7%Moderate 271 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

Structured risk assessment vs usual care

Use of coercive measure: use of seclusion room (participants) · aggressive behaviour in schizophrenia

Structured risk assessment showed no clear difference in use of coercive measure: use of seclusion room (participants) compared with standard professional care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of psychosis (combined time points) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… showed no clear difference in global state ‐ number of participants with relapse/exacerbations of… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability (combined time points) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ for any reason ‐ overall acceptability… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care vs control

Risk for at least one adverse event per patient · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Cognitive behavioural therapy plus… changes adverse events ‐ participants with at least one adverse event ‐ < 12… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review