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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

41 questions · 42 findings · 11 reviews · Colorectal

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No studies found 3 · 7.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 9.5%Low 11 · 26.2%Moderate 14 · 33.3%High 10 · 23.8%

Summary of findings table ‐ Purse‐string skin closure vs linear skin closure

Surgical site infection · people undergoing stoma reversal

Summary of findings table ‐ Purse‐string skin closure probably leads to lower surgical site infection compared with linear skin closure (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation

Surgical site infection · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in surgical site infections compared with no bowel preparation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Surgical site infection · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… changes surgical site infections compared with oral antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair vs non‐mesh repair

Surgical site infection · adult patients with incarcerated or strangulated groin hernia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ mesh repair changes surgical site infections within 30 days of repair compared with non‐mesh repair (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Procedure‐related general complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative radiotherapy vs surgery

Postoperative morbidity ‐ surgical complications (within 30 days after surgery) · People with localised rectal carcinoma

Preoperative radiotherapy may leads to higher postoperative morbidity ‐ surgical complications (within 30 days… compared with surgery alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mesh vs non‐mesh repair

Surgical complications ‐ neurovascular or visceral injury · adults undergoing inguinal and femoral hernia repair

Mesh leads to lower surgical complications ‐ neurovascular or visceral injury compared with non‐mesh repair (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral and intravenous vs oral or intravenous alone

Wound infection · colorectal surgery

Combined oral and intravenous leads to lower surgical wound infection: oral + iv versus iv alone compared with oral or intravenous alone (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Physical activity vs usual care

Overall survival (time interval between enrolment in the study and death of the person from any cause) · adults with non‐advanced colorectal cancer treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or both

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review