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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,556 questions · 10,375 findings · 429 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 1,344 · 13%GRADE not reported 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%

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Mixed breast- and bottle-feeding vs Bottle feeding

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Healthy children under 6 years in South Africa

No significant difference in caries odds was found between mixed breast-and-bottle-fed and bottle-fed-only children (meta-analysis reported no difference; pooled estimate in an unavailable supplementary figure; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Ion-releasing restoration, glass ionomer-based (conventional GIC, HV-GIC, RMGIC, glass hybrid) vs Resin composite restoration

Secondary caries · Patients with permanent dentition in need of restorations (all cavity types: Black's Class I, II, V, and non-carious cervical lesions)

Pooled across follow-up periods, ion-releasing (GIC) and resin composite restorations show no significant difference in secondary caries (RD -0.00, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.00; not separately GRADE-rated).

6 findings from 1 review
Show 3 more findings

Relaxation vs Occlusal (oral) appliance

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Relaxation showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with occlusal (oral) appliance; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Treatment completion · Adolescents (12-19 years)
    Not pooled. Wahlund 2015: MD 3.70 (95% CI -1.21 to 8.61), n=57 (relaxation 28, appliance 29); Wahlund 2003: MD not reported, n=83 (relaxation 41, appliance 42). Both studies were in adolescents; the occlusal appliance…
    2 studies · 140 participants
    GRADE not reported

Primary school-based interventions (one or more of: school health policy, oral health education, healthy school environment, access to oral health services, community involvement) vs usual practice

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

School-based interventions may reduce dental plaque scores (SMD -0.32, favouring intervention), but the certainty of evidence is very low.

1 finding from 1 review

Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing) vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart

Adverse events · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…
1 finding from 1 review

Genetically predicted gene expression (TWAS; S-PrediXcan with GTEx v8 cis-eQTL across 49 tissues; cross-tissue S-MultiXcan) vs ECC-unaffected children (association of genetically predicted expression)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of TAS2R43 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

Genetically predicted expression of TAS2R43 was significantly associated with ECC in the TWAS (p = 8.78e-8); genetic association, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental caries (carious oral microbiome) vs Caries-free / healthy oral microbiome

Differential microbial abundance / taxa predictive of caries · Individuals providing oral (saliva/supragingival plaque) 16S rRNA microbiome samples; 2016 samples from 19 studies (mixed children and…

A group of genera/species (notably Selenomonas, Aggregatibacter, Actinomyces, Treponema) was predictive of caries, whereas Streptococcus was not (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Meta-analysis of caries microbiome studies can improve upon disease prediction outcomes. 2022 All outcomes
    Oral cavity microbiome (saliva and supragingival plaque samples); pooled across 19 international studies
    Mean-decrease-accuracy discriminating taxa: Capnocytophaga HMT-338, Lactobacillus panis, Treponema HMT-230, Bifidobacterium longum, Delftia acidovorans, Staphylococcus schleiferi; higher log2FC in caries: Selenomonas HMT-146, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces HMT-896, Treponema HMT-257; Streptococcus not predictive
    19 studies · 2016 participants
    GRADE not reported

Composite resin vs Light-cured compomer (polyacid-modified composite resin)

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy

In one RCT, composite resin had an annual failure rate of 0% after 2 years.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant vs No sealant (control/no treatment)

Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Children with caries-free or non-cavitated carious lesion primary molars, aged 3-7 years (paediatric department, dental hospital, France)
2 findings from 1 review

Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine

Reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet nuclei) at >=2 m from patient's oral cavity · Dental patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) and the dental healthcare providers treating them

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (CHX) changes reduction in level of contamination by particles <=5 um (droplet… compared with povidone iodine (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non-responsive complementary feeding (NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding

Weight gain · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries

Narratively, restrictive NRCF style tended to favor excess weight and coercive/pressuring style tended to favor lower weight (3 of 5 studies each; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart

Adverse events · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…
1 finding from 1 review

Apernyl (acetylsalicylic acid pellet) vs placebo

Presence of dry socket · Adults (>18 years) having permanent tooth extraction (predominantly mandibular third molars)

Apernyl (acetylsalicylic acid pellet) showed no clear difference in presence of dry socket compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Traditional screening (referral card given if the inspecting dentist judges the child needs to see a dentist) vs No screening

Trauma to permanent incisor teeth · School children (aged 4 to 15 years), primary and secondary schools in the UK and India
1 finding from 1 review
  • School dental screening programmes for oral health 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Milsom 2006 reported the prevalence of trauma to the permanent incisor teeth as a dichotomous outcome (reduction from baseline yes/no); we were unable to include this data in a meta-analysis.
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Total daily fluoride intake (TDFI) and daily fluoride intake from toothpaste

Correlation between daily urinary fluoride excretion (DUFE) and fluoride intake · Children and adults with 24-h urinary fluoride monitoring (9 studies reporting both intake and urine; Table 2)

Daily urinary fluoride excretion was not correlated with total daily fluoride intake or with fluoride intake from toothpaste (R2 < 0.07), based on nine studies (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. 2022 All outcomes
    24-h urine collection · Multiple countries (28 studies; ~43% conducted in Brazil); community/general-population settings · High-fluoride-area data from Idowu et al. [46,47] excluded
    R2 (coefficient of determination) <0.07
    9 studies
    GRADE not reported

Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) vs No active treatment (control)

Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) led to lower pain (VAS cm) compared with control (no treatment); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review