Search review questions

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Continent: Africa

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), South Europe

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · HDI: High

Dental caries (study-defined binary; assessed by DMFT, number of dental caries, or dentist diagnosis) · Adults (≥18 years) · By region: East Asia

Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth · 6 months, 6-month follow-up

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 8: disruption of occlusal integrity · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), Overall (all 21 countries pooled)

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), HDI: High

Combined salivary proinflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers · Cross-sectional (single time point) for most; a few 6-month prospective, Saliva

Salivary pH · Patients with anorexia nervosa aged >=12 years (mean age ~18.4; entirely female in reported data), general…

Increased salivary IgA · Children aged 6-12 years · Daily for 14 days to 4 weeks

OHRQoL sum score transformed to 0-100 · Community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older · Baseline for longitudinal studies

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · Continent: South America

Hip/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) · Females (all ages) · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females, low-to-moderate risk-of-bias studies: up to ~2.3 mg/L vs null

Untreated dental caries and caries risk · Humans who use e-cigarettes (adolescents to adults) assessed for dental caries · Cross-sectional

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Coverage: Covering cost of minimally invasive treatment

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · HDI: Low

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 6: corrosion · Coverage: Not covering

Absence of sensibility (post-operative sensitivity) · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities) · 1 to 2 years

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 5: open margin · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), Overall (all 21 countries pooled)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Osteoporosis · European GWAS participants · SVMR Weighted Median

Postmenopausal osteoporosis with pathological fracture · European GWAS participants · SVMR MR-Egger

Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation · Reference strains of Streptococcus mutans and cariogenic biofilms · 24 h to 7 days

Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · Children (aged 3-11 y) with cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth · 12-24 months, 12-24-month follow-up

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa · Publication-bias adjusted (trim-and-fill)

Risk of fragility fractures · Females aged over 50 years · Long-term / lifetime fluoride exposure, Females over 50 years: drinking-water fluoride 0.25 mg/L vs null

Veillonella spp. relative abundance · Young children with early childhood caries and caries-free controls

Occlusal caries detection: specificity · Extracted human teeth (in vitro); permanent and primary teeth, occlusal surfaces · Overall (all dentition)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Femur fracture · European GWAS participants · SVMR Weighted Median

detection of occlusal caries · human primary or permanent teeth with dental caries lesions · permanent dentition

Plaque index / oral biofilm accumulation · Adult e-cigarette (ENDS) users (general oral health; predominantly natural dentition)

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL sum score, transformed 0-100) · Community-dwelling elderly persons aged ≥60 years · Across per-capita health expenditure categories

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 4: marginal discoloration · Continent: Europe

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 2: loss of dental hard substance adjacent to the restoration · HDI: High

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa

DMFT/DMFS score · People who use electronic cigarettes · Overall

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022) · Cross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022), >$100 per capita

Early childhood caries (ECC), prevalence · Study design: school-based

Lumbar spine bone mineral density · European GWAS participants · SVMR IVW

Log diagnostic odds ratio · Imaging modality: Periapical radiographs

Composite: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 3: secondary caries · Dentists managing a defective direct resin composite restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), Continent: South America

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Self-Etch + chemical ACAD

Dental caries increment, DMFS/dmfs (tooth-surface level) · Children in school or kindergarten settings (aged 3-14 years) · 2-3 years follow-up

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (mostly adults, often with periodontal disease) assessed for oral proinflammatory markers · Cross-sectional (single time point) for most; a few 6-month prospective, Overall (saliva + GCF)

Clinical and radiographic success rate · Full meta-regression: follow-up duration

Caries prognosis and oral-microbiota diversity structure and function · Patients after dental filling · 14 days

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro) · 24 h (immediate), Etch-and-Rinse + chemical ACAD

Log diagnostic odds ratio (trim-and-fill adjusted for publication bias) · Overall; trim-and-fill (20 observed + 6 imputed studies)

Amalgam: Preference for replacement over repair - Scenario 1: partial loss or fracture of the restoration · Dentists managing a defective direct amalgam restoration (posterior occlusal Class I; standardized vignette of a… · Not applicable (single time-point survey, June to October 2023), HDI: Low