Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,138 questions · 1,154 findings · 139 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 184 · 15.9%GRADE not reported 183 · 15.9%Very low 273 · 23.7%Low 296 · 25.6%Moderate 171 · 14.8%High 47 · 4.1%

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) vs placebo or no treatment

Recurrent stroke of any type · stroke and/or TIA

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) probably leads to lower recurrent stroke of any type compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) vs placebo or no treatment

Stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death · stroke and/or TIA

Blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) showed no clear difference in major vascular event (composite of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

AKI within 30 days of surgery · adults with normal kidney function undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes AKI within 30 days of surgery compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

RRT within 30 days of surgery · adults with normal kidney function undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes RRT within 30 days of surgery compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

Death (all causes) · adults with normal kidney function undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes death (all causes) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

Length of hospital stay · adults with normal kidney function undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes length of hospital stay compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perampanel add‐on vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people (aged 12 years and over) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Perampanel add‐on may leads to higher treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Pregabalin probably leads to higher treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review