Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

Refine by population, intervention, comparison or outcome
More filters
Evidence found and GRADE certainty

298 questions · 298 findings · 46 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 69 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 21 · 7%Very low 75 · 25.2%Low 66 · 22.1%Moderate 57 · 19.1%High 10 · 3.4%

Double vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Double showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs OLANZAPINE

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effects by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC ‐ OLANZAPINE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs ZIPRASIDONE

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE showed no clear difference in adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC ‐ ZIPRASIDONE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC & BENZODIAZEPINE ‐ HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM

Adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours Central nervous system ‐ excessive sedation · people with psychosis‐induced aggression

HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE may leads to lower adverse effects: Specific and serious adverse effect ‐ by 24 hours… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC & BENZODIAZEPINE ‐ HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Sedation 8 weeks of treatment · children/youth with ASD
1 finding from 1 review

Transdermal or intranasal nicotine vs placebo

Sedation score (numerical rating scale of 1 to 6: 0 = anxious, agitated, or restless, 6 = asleep, no response) · patients with postoperative pain

It is very uncertain whether transdermal or intranasal nicotine changes sedation score compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Postoperative sedation 12 hours after surgery (units of RSS, Ramsay Sedation Scale from 1 = Anxious or agitated or restless to 6 = Unresponsive) (MD, 95% CI) · adults having abdominal surgery
1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin vs placebo

Sedation score (numerical rating scale of 1 to 6: 0 = anxious, agitated, or restless, 6 = asleep, no response) · patients with pain in Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether gabapentin changes sedation score (numerical rating scale of 1 to 6: 0 = anxious,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review