Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,156 questions · 1,179 findings · 198 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 250 · 21.2%GRADE not reported 43 · 3.6%Very low 236 · 20%Low 395 · 33.5%Moderate 208 · 17.6%High 47 · 4%

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

SAEs · people who smoke

Cytisine showed no clear difference in SAEs (cytisine vs placebo or no medication) compared with placebo or no medication (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.78, 1.37]
3 studies · 3781 participants
Low

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Neuropsychiatric SAEs · people who smoke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cytisine vs placebo or no medication

Cardiac SAEs · people who smoke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cataract surgery with Hydrus microstent vs cataract surgery alone

Proportion of participants who were medication‐free (not using eye drops) medium‐term · people with cataracts and open angle glaucoma, many of whom had mild or moderate glaucoma, which was well‐controlled with medication

Cataract surgery with Hydrus microstent probably leads to higher proportion of participants who were medication‐free (not using eye… compared with cataract surgery alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with Schlemm´s canal microstent (Hydrus) for open angle glaucoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.63 [1.4, 1.88]
2 studies · 619 participants
Moderate

Hydrus microstent vs iStent trabecular micro‐bypass stent

Proportion of participants who were medication‐free (not using eye drops) short‐term · people with open angle glaucoma, many of whom had mild or moderate glaucoma, which was well‐controlled with medication

Hydrus microstent may leads to higher proportion of participants who were medication‐free (not using eye… compared with iStent trabecular micro‐bypass stent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with Schlemm´s canal microstent (Hydrus) for open angle glaucoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.94 [1.21, 3.11]
1 study · 148 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication Multimodal/complex interventionsb versus usual care or control · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 888 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication ATCS Plus versus control or single IVR call · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2340 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication or composite outcome (medication adherence and rate of adverse events) ATCS Plus versus usual care · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 35816 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication or laboratory tests IVR versus control · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 4238362 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication IVR versus usual care · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 56140 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Behavioural outcome: adherence to medication Unidirectional ATCS versus control · patients with various conditions or at risk of low adherence to medication or laboratory tests

1 finding from 1 review

Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 107 participants
GRADE not reported

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs medication

Global impression: 2. Given medication during 12 months to three years · patients with schizophrenia and severe mental illness

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY may leads to lower global impression: 2. Given medication during 12 months to three years compared with MEDICATION (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.81]
1 study · 94 participants
Low
Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.75, 0.96]
1 study · 94 participants
Low

Medication‐impregnated dressings vs other types of dressings

Catheter‐related blood stream infection · patients with CVCs

Medication‐impregnated dressings leads to lower catheter‐related blood stream infection compared with all other dressing types (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dressings and securement devices for central venous catheters (CVC) 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.39, 0.93]
6 studies · 5687 participants
High

Mobile phone text messages vs usual care

Medication adherence (continuous) · people with established arterial occlusive events

1 finding from 1 review

Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 8136 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Number of participants receiving a regular prescription of antipsychotic medication · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 5 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs (Optimised) usual care

Prescribing of regular psychotropic medication · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Low

Digital adherence interventions vs usual care

Adherence · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Digital interventions to improve adherence to maintenance medication in asthma 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 8885 participants
Low

CPOE/CDSS vs control/paper‐based

Medication errors ( · adults

CPOE/CDSS showed no clear difference in medication errors ( compared with control/paper‐based (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.74 [0.31, 1.79]
2 studies · 88 participants
Moderate

Improved CPOE/CDSS vs standard CPOE/CDSS

Medication errors ( · adults

Improved CPOE/CDSS probably leads to lower medication errors ( compared with standard CPOE/CDSS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.85 [0.74, 0.97]
2 studies · 630 participants
Moderate

Barcoding vs no barcoding

Medication errors ( · adults

Barcoding may leads to lower medication errors ( compared with no barcoding (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reducing medication errors for adults in hospital settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.69 [0.59, 0.79]
50545 participants
Low