What do systematic reviews say?

Combination therapy vs alpha‐blocker

Combination therapy showed no clear difference in AUR compared with alpha‐blockers (low certainty).

• Anticholinergics combined with alpha‐blockers for treating lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.03 [0.97, 4.23]
  19 studies · 4669 participants
  Low

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy showed no clear difference in clinical recurrence ( compared with intensification guided by clinical recurrence (low certainty).

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.56, 1.18]
  1 study · 174 participants
  Low

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy may leads to lower endoscopic recurrence ( compared with intensification guided by clinical recurrence (low certainty).

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.56, 0.95]
  1 study · 174 participants
  Low

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  504 participants
  Very low

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 174 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

It is very uncertain whether intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy changes adverse effects ( compared with intensification guided by clinical recurrence (very low certainty).

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.49, 1.25]
  1 study · 174 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) may leads to lower local and regional recurrence (LRR) compared with no PMRT (low certainty).

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.2 [0.13, 0.33]
  1 study · 552 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) probably leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with no PMRT (moderate certainty).

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76 [0.6, 0.97]
  1 study · 552 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) vs no PMRT

• Post‐mastectomy radiotherapy for women with early breast cancer and one to three positive lymph nodes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

No eligible studies reported Kaposi's sarcoma.

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  Planned WHO stage 4 outcome; no eligible studies (Table 2 lists 'None').
  0 studies
  No studies found

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

No significant difference in total salivary IgA between CLWH and healthy controls, though anti-Candida SIgA was higher in HIV groups; narrative only.

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  Pomarico 2009 reported no significant difference in total SIgA among HIV-ART, HIV-HAART, and healthy children, but significantly higher anti-Candida albicans SIgA in the two HIV groups; no effect estimate pooled.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

CLWH on ART had significantly higher prevalence of mucosal hyperpigmentation than healthy controls (pooled OR 20.35, 95% CI 3.86 to 107.39); the authors described the certainty as low.

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  OR 20.35 [3.86, 107.39]
  3 studies · 407 participants
  GRADE not reported

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

One study found significantly higher ulcerative stomatitis among CLWH on ART (OR 28.59, 95% CI 1.67 to 490.32), though the estimate is very imprecise.

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  OR 28.59 [1.67, 490.32]
  1 study · 190 participants
  GRADE not reported

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

No significant overall difference in dental development between CLWH on ART and healthy controls (three studies, narrative synthesis).

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  Three studies (Fernandes 2007, de Souza 2015, Holderbaum 2005) assessed dental age (Nolla/Willems methods); Fernandes and de Souza found no significant difference between groups; Holderbaum reported mixed sex-specific…
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

CLWH on ART had significantly higher prevalence of recurrent oral ulcerations than healthy controls (pooled OR 6.83, 95% CI 1.18 to 39.53).

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  OR 6.83 [1.18, 39.53]
  3 studies · 284 participants
  GRADE not reported