Choking · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western industrialized countries
No significant difference in choking risk was found between BLW/BLISS-fed and traditionally fed infants (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Body weight / BMI · Children and adolescents (general population, aged under 20 years)
Evidence on food marketing and body weight is very uncertain (very low certainty); a single study found no association.
1 finding from 1 review
Beta diversity and community composition · Participants in oral 16S rRNA caries microbiome studies
Beta-diversity matrices showed statistically significant ADONIS results, while clustering by study and 16S region was also observed; no pooled effect estimate was reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Lightness/brightness change of white spot lesion (luminosity L*, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition
ICON resin infiltration showed no statistically significant change in lightness/brightness of post-orthodontic white spot lesions at 6 months (pooled Cohen's d/SMD -0.001, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.23; 3 studies, 330 teeth; I2=97%); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral hairy leukoplakia prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)
No eligible studies compared oral hairy leukoplakia between different ART regimens.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 18 years
Pooled caries prevalence was 0.94 (I² = 0%).
1 finding from 1 review
Mucosal hyperpigmentation prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)
No significant difference in mucosal hyperpigmentation between CLWH with and without ART (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.79 [0.89, 3.61]
Studies not reported
Very low
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis and closed (mature) root apex due to carious pulp exposure
In closed-apex teeth, pooled pulpotomy success was 83% (95% CI 69-91%); significantly lower than open apex (z=2.33, p=0.02); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience · Children (mean age newborn to ~5.2 years) and their parents/carers
Comprehensive interventions produced a statistically significant reduction in tooth-level caries (dmft SMD -0.47, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.10; 4 studies; not GRADE-rated), though heterogeneity was very high.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of TAS2R14 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)
Genetically predicted expression of TAS2R14 was significantly associated with ECC in the TWAS (p = 1.06e-6); genetic association, ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Caries experience - mean dmfs (descriptive), primary dentition
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health-related quality of life · Children with dental caries
SDF had no significant effect on oral health-related quality of life versus pooled standard-of-care caries treatments (SMD -0.06, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.08; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Color change of white spot lesion (color difference, T0 to T1) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions and permanent dentition
ICON resin infiltration significantly improved the color of post-orthodontic white spot lesions at 6 months (pooled Cohen's d/SMD 1.36, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.59; 4 studies, 458 teeth), although heterogeneity was very high (I2=98%) with a heavy outlier (Kannan); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Enamel acid resistance / initiation of new enamel caries lesions (in vivo, narrative)
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 18 years
Pooled caries prevalence was 0.74.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 15 years
Pooled caries prevalence was 0.50 (I² = 99.4%).
1 finding from 1 review
External disease-state discrimination · Oral microbiome samples from four selected case-control studies
The KEGG Orthology classifier had an approximate AUC of 0.75 in the disease-only study test set.
1 finding from 1 review
AUC 0.75
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of IGSF5 (chr21q22.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)
Genetically predicted IGSF5 expression reached the TWAS threshold for ECC (p = 7.22e-5) but was flagged as a possible false positive (LD misspecification) and not further considered; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience · European adolescents aged 18 years
Pooled caries experience was 14.98 (I² = 88.0%).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries development in permanent teeth · School children and adolescents (6-18 years) followed from primary dentition (baseline examination before 72 months of age)
Caries in upper primary incisors has the lowest tooth-specific predictive value for permanent-teeth caries (RR 1.6; single study; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review