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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Improvement of nutritional status · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Survival time · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Mortalitya · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 236 participants | Very low |
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Quality of life · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Older adults with anticholinergic burden vs older adults with no anticholinergic burden Cognitive decline or dementia · older adults without cognitive impairment at baseline Anticholinergic burden (prognostic factor) for prediction of dementia or cognitive decline in older adults… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.63 [1.09, 6.29] | 4 studies · 125359 participants | Low |
Multi‐domain interventions vs usual care/placebo Incidence of dementia · community‐dwelling older adults Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.76, 1.18] | 2 studies · 7256 participants | High |
Multi‐domain interventions vs usual care/placebo Incidence of MCI · community‐dwelling older adults Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.76, 1.23] | 1 study · 3802 participants | Moderate |
Multi‐domain interventions vs usual care/placebo Cognitive decline · community‐dwelling older adults Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 4617 participants | High |
Multi‐domain interventions vs usual care/placebo Cognitive decline · community‐dwelling older adults Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 8697 participants | Moderate |
Multi‐domain interventions vs usual care/placebo Cognitive decline · community‐dwelling older adults Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1554 participants | Very low |
Multi‐domain interventions vs usual care/placebo Mortality · community‐dwelling older adults Multi‐domain interventions for the prevention of dementia and cognitive decline (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.04] | 4 studies · 11487 participants | High |
Intervention NR True positives (patients correctly classified as having dementia) Diagnostic test accuracy of telehealth assessment for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR False negatives (patients incorrectly classified as not having dementia) Diagnostic test accuracy of telehealth assessment for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR True negatives (patients correctly classified as not having dementia) Diagnostic test accuracy of telehealth assessment for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR False positives (patients incorrectly classified as having dementia) Diagnostic test accuracy of telehealth assessment for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Agitation · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 593 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Overall behavioural and psychological symptoms · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 346 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Adverse effects · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 206 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Quality of life · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Mood · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 120 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Sleep · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Ungraded |
Aromatherapy vs control (placebo aromatherapy / no intervention) Activities of daily living · Dementia Aromatherapy for dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 91 participants | Very low |
Melatonin vs placebo Total nocturnal sleep time · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 184 participants | Low |
Trazodone vs placebo Number of nocturnal awakenings · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Trazodone vs placebo Reporting ≥ 1 adverse event · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.23, 1.89] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Trazodone vs placebo Cognitive function · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Moderate |
Trazodone vs placebo Quality of life · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Trazodone vs placebo Carer burden, well‐being or quality of life · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Change from baseline in total nocturnal sleep time · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Moderate |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Consolidated sleep time · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Change from baseline in ratio of number of nocturnal awakenings to total sleep time × 100 · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Moderate |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Reporting ≥ 1 adverse event · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.83, 1.99] | 2 studies · 323 participants | Moderate |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Change from baseline in cognitive function · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Moderate |
Melatonin vs placebo Consolidated sleep time · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Quality of life · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Orexin antagonists vs placebo Change from baseline in carer distress · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 274 participants | Moderate |
Melatonin vs placebo Number of nocturnal awakenings · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Melatonin vs placebo Reporting ≥ 1 adverse event · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.86, 1.33] | 1 study · 151 participants | Low |
Melatonin vs placebo Cognitive function · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 162 participants | Low |
Melatonin vs placebo Quality of life · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Melatonin vs placebo Carer burden · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Low |
Trazodone vs placebo Total nocturnal sleep time · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Trazodone vs placebo Consolidated nocturnal sleep time · sleep disturbances in dementia Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total hippocampus · people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 2209 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Medial temporal lobe · people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1077 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Lateral ventricles · people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1077 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total entorhinal cortex · people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 529 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Whole brain · people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease in… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 424 participants | Very low |
Personally tailored activities vs control Challenging behaviour ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 305 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs control Quality of life of people with dementia ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in community… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |