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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

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No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Exercise vs no treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · young women with suspected primary dysmenorrhoea
1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs no treatment

Overall menstrual symptoms , measured by the MMDQ at the end of the intervention. Lower scores indicates lower menstrual symptom severity · young women with suspected primary dysmenorrhoea
1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural intervention vs usual care or no treatment

Health status and quality of life · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Behavioural interventions showed no clear difference in health status and quality of life assessed by Bristol Female Lower… compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 scale; lower score means less pain) · people with rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 scale;… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in measure of disease activity Disease Activity Score (DAS‐28‐ESR) at 12 weeks (0 to 10 score; lower score means less disease activity) · people with rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in measure of disease activity Disease Activity Score… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in function Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 12 weeks (0 to 3 score; lower score means better function) · people with rheumatoid arthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes change in function Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 12 weeks… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in endothelial function: Change in flow‐mediated dilatation of brachial artery (%) · children with familial hypercholesterolemia
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Physical performance: self‐report questionnaires Physical function subscale from the QUALEFFO‐41 Scale from 0 to 100 Lower scores indicate better physical function · individuals with osteoporotic vertebral fracture
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Disease‐specific quality of life QUALEFFO‐41 total score Scale from 0 to 100 Lower scores indicate better quality of life · individuals with osteoporotic vertebral fracture
1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals vs calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D)

Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent iron supplementation (alone or with any other micronutrients) vs no supplementation or placebo

Anaemia · adolescent and adult menstruating women

Intermittent iron supplementation (alone or with any other… may leads to lower anaemia (haemoglobin concentration below a cut‐off defined by the… compared with no supplementation or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent use of iron supplements vs any daily iron supplementation

Anaemia · adolescent and adult menstruating women

Intermittent iron supplementation showed no clear difference in anaemia (haemoglobin concentration below a cut‐off defined by the… compared with daily iron supplementation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below the WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Any depression Multiple measures used. CES‐D (Blanchard 1996;McCorkle 2007). POMS Depression subscale (Bultz 2000). HADS‐D (Nicolaisen 2018; Robertson 2016). Higher scores indicate higher levels of depression. Folllow‐up: Three to six months post‐... · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer
1 finding from 1 review