Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,752 questions · 6,648 findings · 688 reviews

No studies found 1,125 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 670 · 10.1%Very low 1,796 · 27%Low 1,685 · 25.3%Moderate 1,075 · 16.2%High 297 · 4.5%

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Pycnogenol chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

VSC: methyl sulphide · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Pycnogenol chewing gum showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl sulphide compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

VSC: dimethyl sulphide · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in VSC: dimethyl sulphide compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

Cephalometric measurements (ANB change and front teeth inclination changes) · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent teeth vs Orthodontic treatment involving extraction of permanent teeth

Cephalometric measurements (ANB change and front teeth inclination changes) · Children (80% aged <= 16 years) with a Class II division 2 malocclusion (deep bite and retroclined upper front teeth)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour)

Vomiting, retching, or antiemetics from 0‐2 hours · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) may leads to lower vomiting, retching, or antiemetics from 0‐2 hours compared with shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) vs shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour)

Vomiting, retching, or antiemetics 0‐12 hours · people with paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose

Standard intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (20.5 hour) may leads to lower vomiting, retching, or antiemetics 0‐12 hours compared with shorter intravenous acetylcysteine regimen (12 hour) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological detoxification treatment vs other pharmacological detoxification treatment

Completion of treatment · management of opium withdrawal

Pharmacological detoxification treatment may leads to higher completion of treatment: clonidine versus methadone compared with other pharmacological detoxification treatment (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological detoxification treatment vs other pharmacological detoxification treatment

Completion of treatment: methadone versus methadone plus gabapentin · management of opium withdrawal

Pharmacological detoxification treatment showed no clear difference in completion of treatment: methadone versus methadone plus gabapentin compared with other pharmacological detoxification treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Isopropyl alcohol vs usual care

Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

Isopropyl alcohol probably leads to lower use of rescue antiemetics Assessed by proportion requiring antiemetics compared with standard treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Isopropyl alcohol vs Normal saline

Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

It is very uncertain whether isopropyl alcohol changes use of rescue antiemetics Assessed by proportion requiring rescue… compared with saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aromatherapy vs placebo

Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…

Aromatherapy may leads to lower proportion requiring rescue antiemetics Assessed by numbers of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg vs no primaquine, with artemisinin partner,

Participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR · adults and children with malaria being treated with artemisinin combination treatment

Single dose primaquine at 0.75 mg/kg showed no clear difference in participants with gametocytes at day 3‐4, by PCR compared with no primaquine, with artemisinin partner, (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review