What do systematic reviews say?

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist vs methadone

Alpha2‐adrenergic agonist may leads to higher number experiencing hypotensive or other adverse effects compared with methadone (low certainty).

• Alpha₂‐adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.92 [1.19, 3.1]
  6 studies · 464 participants
  Low

Droperidol vs haloperidol

Droperidol showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension compared with haloperidol (moderate certainty).

• Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.8 [0.3, 26.49]
  1 study · 228 participants
  Moderate

Droperidol vs haloperidol

Droperidol showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension/desaturation compared with haloperidol (low certainty).

• Droperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.8 [0.12, 67.98]
  1 study · 228 participants
  Low

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

• Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 1888 participants
  Low

Low‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia vs high‐dose opioid based general anaesthesia

• Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 1394 participants
  Low

High‐frequency oscillation vs conventional ventilation

It is very uncertain whether high‐frequency oscillation changes hypotension compared with conventional ventilation (very low certainty).

• High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.54, 1.9]
  4 studies · 392 participants
  Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

• Antidepressants for treating depression in adults with end‐stage kidney disease treated with dialysis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 114 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Acupuncture for neck disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 560 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Acupuncture for neck disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 404 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Acupuncture for neck disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Moderate

Epidural pain relief vs systemic opioid‐based pain relief

• Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid‐based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 523 participants
  Moderate

CSII vs MDI: maternal outcomes

• Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 241 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 504 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 683 participants
  Very low

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Right lateral vs left lateral horizontal positioning

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower high‐intensity pain with lidocaine admixture Pain scales (high certainty).

• Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.19 [0.15, 0.25]
  31 studies · 4927 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower high‐intensity pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales (high certainty).

• Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.13 [0.1, 0.18]
  41 studies · 3918 participants
  High

Educational intervention vs usual care or attention control

Educational interventions showed no clear difference in fatigue intensity (at the end of the educational intervention) compared with control (usual care or attention control) (moderate certainty).

• Educational interventions for the management of cancer‐related fatigue in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 1524 participants
  Moderate