Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,234 questions · 3,357 findings · 396 reviews

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No studies found 803 · 23.9%GRADE not reported 270 · 8%Very low 757 · 22.5%Low 859 · 25.6%Moderate 486 · 14.5%High 182 · 5.4%

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Maternal breast milk retinol concentration · women in the postpartum period

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 837 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Vitamin A deficiency: retinol < 0.7 μmol/L · infants 1 to 6 months of age

The intervention showed no clear difference in vitamin A deficiency: retinol < 0.7 μmol/L (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06]
4 studies · 1204 participants
Moderate

10 mg warfarin nomogram vs 5 mg warfarin nomogram

Minor bleeding · patients with venous thromboembolism.

It is very uncertain whether 10 mg warfarin nomogram changes minor bleeding it is not major bleeding compared with 5 mg warfarin nomogram (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Warfarin initiation nomograms for venous thromboembolism 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.15, 1.83]
2 studies · 243 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Serum retinol (1 week post‐intervention) (mean X (µg/dL) ± standard error (SE) · children with measles infection and no clinically demonstrable vitamin A deficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serum retinol (2 weeks post‐intervention) (mean X (µg/dL) ± standard error SE) · children with measles infection and no clinically demonstrable vitamin A deficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 155 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serum retinol (6 weeks post‐intervention) (mean X (µg/dL) ± standard error SE) · children with measles infection and no clinically demonstrable vitamin A deficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serum retinol (mean change 1 week post‐intervention) (mean X (µg/dL) ± standard error SE) · children with measles infection and no clinically demonstrable vitamin A deficiency

1 finding from 1 review

Routine vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of blindness due to measles infection in children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 17 participants
Moderate

Immediate vs deferred delivery of the preterm baby with suspected fetal compromise

Serious neonatal morbidity · pregnant women at less than 36 weeks' gestation in whom there is clinical suspicion of fetal compromise

1 finding from 1 review

Immediate versus deferred delivery of the preterm baby with suspected fetal compromise for improving outcomes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Duration of iNO therapy (days) · Neonates with PPHN

1 finding from 1 review

Endothelin receptor antagonists for persistent pulmonary hypertension in term and late preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
21 participants
Low

Daily application of sunscreen vs discretionary use

Basal cell carcinoma Confirmed clinically or by histopathology · general participants

Daily application of sunscreen showed no clear difference in basal cell carcinoma Confirmed clinically or by histopathology compared with discretionary use (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.74, 1.43]
1 study · 1621 participants
Low

Daily application of sunscreen vs discretionary use

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Confirmed clinically or by histopathology · general participants

Daily application of sunscreen showed no clear difference in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma Confirmed clinically or by… compared with discretionary use (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sun protection for preventing basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.5, 1.54]
1 study · 1621 participants
Low

Comparison of plasma transfusions vs no plasma transfusions when the INR is 1.5 prior to central venous catheter insertion

Number of participants with minor procedure‐related bleeding within 7 days of surgery · people with abnormal coagulation requiring a central venous catheter

It is very uncertain whether comparison of plasma transfusions changes minor procedure‐related bleeding compared with no plasma transfusions when the INR is 1.5 prior to central venous… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Plasma transfusions prior to insertion of central lines for people with abnormal coagulation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.12, 3.7]
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Quinine vs a quinine‐vitamin E combination (Q‐Vel)

Minor adverse events · patients with muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Quinine for muscle cramps 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 510 participants
Moderate

Quinine vs placebo

Minor adverse events · patients with muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Quinine for muscle cramps 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 969 participants
Moderate

Quinine vs vitamin E

Minor adverse events · patients with muscle cramps

1 finding from 1 review

Quinine for muscle cramps 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 483 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Rhinorrhoea score · patients with common cold

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for the common cold 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 199 participants
Moderate

Lidocaine vs disopyramide

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): sinoatrial block · patients with myocardial infarction

It is very uncertain whether lidocaine changes adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): sinoatrial block compared with disopyramide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic lidocaine for myocardial infarction 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.06, 14.47]
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Fish oil lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · Parenterally fed preterm infants

All fish oil containing LE showed no clear difference in retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with S‐LE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.43 [0.06, 2.85]
3 studies · 256 participants
Low

Alternative lipid emulsion (LE) vs S‐LE

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · Parenterally fed preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether all alternative LE changes retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with S‐LE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.43 [0.06, 2.85]
3 studies · 256 participants
Very low

MOFS‐LE vs S‐LE

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · Parenterally fed preterm infants

MOFS‐LE showed no clear difference in retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with S‐LE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.43 [0.06, 2.85]
3 studies · 256 participants
Low