Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Nutritional rickets ‐ biochemical Alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphate levels. · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers may leads to lower nutritional rickets ‐ biochemical Alkaline phosphatase, calcium and… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Aldosterone antagonists plus loop diuretics plus systemic vasoconstrictors (No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes aldosterone antagonists plus loop diuretics plus systemic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Aldosterone antagonists plus loop diuretics plus systemic vasoconstrictors plus paracentesis plus fluid replacement (No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes aldosterone antagonists plus loop diuretics plus systemic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Aldosterone antagonists plus loop diuretics plus systemic vasoconstrictors plus systemic vasodilator (No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes aldosterone antagonists plus loop diuretics plus systemic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (4 RCTs; 145 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (4 RCTs; 145 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (1 RCT; 25 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (1 RCT; 25 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (3 RCTs; 114 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (3 RCTs; 114 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (5 RCTs; 165 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and ascites

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes paracentesis plus systemic vasoconstrictors (5 RCTs; 165 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Baricitinib (1 RCT; 75 participants) · patients with moderate to severe eczema

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes baricitinib (1 RCT; 75 participants) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early treatment vs expectant management

Severe intraventricular hemorrhage in infants who received neuroimaging · preterm infants

Early treatment showed no clear difference in severe Intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III and IV) compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams vs standard SEI teams plus treatment

Service use: admission to psychiatric hospital (assessed by proportion admitted at end of treatment) · recent‐onset psychosis

Extended specialised early intervention (SEI) teams showed no clear difference in service use: admission to psychiatric hospital at end of treatment… compared with standard SEI teams plus treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specialised early intervention (SEI) vs treatment

Service use: admission to psychiatric hospital (assessed by proportion admitted at end of treatment) · recent‐onset psychosis (less than three years since the start of psychotic symptoms and either first or second psychotic episode)

Specialised early intervention (SEI) showed no clear difference in service use: admission to psychiatric hospital (assessed by… compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review