Dental caries (association with secondary/higher maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
Secondary/higher maternal education showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary/higher maternal education prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
About 45% of children with caries in LMICs had mothers with secondary or higher education (pooled prevalence 0.450, 95% CI 0.330 to 0.572; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT tended to increase with unemployment rate (low 1.23, medium 2.08, high 2.38; ANOVA p<.05); descriptive country-level means only, not meta-analyzed or GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Community-dwelling older adults in higher-income countries had better OHRQoL than those in lower-income countries (77.9, 95% CI 70.2 to 85.6 vs 66.9, 95% CI 56.7 to 77.0); the difference by income was statistically significant (ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
MEAN 77.9 [70.2, 85.6]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 66.9 [56.7, 77.0]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Older adults in countries with relative income equality (low Gini index) had markedly higher OHRQoL (91.3, 95% CI 90.0 to 92.6) than those in less equal countries; the difference by Gini index was statistically significant (ungraded).
4 findings from 1 review
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MEAN 81.2 [75.3, 88.3]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Older adults in higher-HDI countries had better OHRQoL (high 79.9, 95% CI 74.4 to 85.5; very high 78.4, 95% CI 71.1 to 85.8) than those in medium-HDI countries (63.5, 95% CI 54.3 to 72.7); the difference by HDI was statistically significant (ungraded).
3 findings from 1 review
MEAN 79.9 [74.4, 85.5]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 63.5 [54.3, 72.7]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 78.4 [71.1, 85.8]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
OHRQoL did not differ significantly across country-level unemployment-rate categories; no pooled estimate was reported in the text (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
OHRQoL did not differ significantly across per-capita health-expenditure categories; no pooled estimate was reported in the text (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health-related quality of life · people aged 60 years and older living in the community
Lower out-of-pocket health expenditure was associated with better OHRQoL (83.9, 95% CI 75.2 to 92.6 vs 67.5, 95% CI 58.5 to 76.5); the difference was statistically significant (ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review
MEAN 67.5 [58.5, 76.5]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
MEAN 83.9 [75.2, 92.6]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Determinants of oral diseases · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Age, education, income, oral-hygiene behaviour, dental-visit pattern and slum/disadvantaged residence are associated with oral disease; gender effects are disease-specific; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Fourteen studies reported determinants: older age, less education, lower income, poor oral hygiene behaviour (brushing frequency, technique), infrequent dental visits and disadvantaged/slum residential setting were…
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
The association between parental education and caries was inconsistent; father's (but not consistently mother's) education was inversely associated with caries in some studies (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal education was not associated with children's caries in the Hashim et al. studies, whereas father's educational level was negatively associated with DMFT in Khadri et al. (secondary-aged children: -0.35, 95% CI…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
Evidence on socioeconomic status/income and caries was inconsistent: some studies linked lower income to higher caries while others found no association (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Findings were contradictory. Hashim et al. found children from low-income families had higher odds of severe early childhood caries (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.85), and Ahmad et al. reported significantly higher DMFT in…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children aged 3-12 years
Children from low-income families had higher odds of poor OHRQoL (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.21; 4 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.16 [1.11, 1.21]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Poor oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) · Children aged 3-12 years
Lower maternal education was associated with poor OHRQoL (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.23; 4 studies; high heterogeneity; CI lower bound at the null; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.12 [1.00, 1.23]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years
Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years
Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence.
5 findings from 1 review
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Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years
The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence.
5 findings from 1 review
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Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years
Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adults aged 19-60 years
Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity.
5 findings from 1 review
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Periodontitis and allostatic load · US adults in NHANES III
Allostatic load partly explained socioeconomic gradients in periodontal disease.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported