Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM30126170
Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Costa Simone M, Martins Carolina C, Pinto Mânia Q C, et al. · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/ijerph15081775
Full textEvery question was extracted from the full text, figures and supplements by two independent LLM extractors, disagreements adjudicated. Rows cite where in the review the value comes from.
Questions
38
current version
GRADE rated
0
No studies
0
Included studies
61
linked below
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 38 · 100%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adult individuals aged 19-60 years; observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort; ecological) | 61 observational studies in adults aged 19-60 y (45 cross-sectional, 14 prospective cohort, 1 case-control, 1 ecological); 25 studies contributed to the meta-analysis and meta-regression |
| Intervention | Worse socioeconomic condition (socioeconomic indicators: schooling, income, SES, HDI, occupation, community indicators such as the Gini coefficient) | Worse socioeconomic indicators (most frequent: schooling, income, SES); country-level HDI, schooling, university education, and SES quantified for the meta-analysis |
| Comparison | Better socioeconomic condition | Better socioeconomic indicators (reference) |
| Outcomes | Dental caries on permanent teeth (DMFT: decayed, missing, filled teeth) | Caries experience DMFT (pooled mean). Overall pooled DMFT 11.49 (95% CI 9.96 to 13.03), 25 studies, I2=99.9%. Very high heterogeneity throughout (I2 96.1% to 99.9%). Meta-regression: only low SES was associated with higher DMFT (adjusted coefficient 10.35, p=0.050; unadjusted p=0.031) |
| Study designs | Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort); no trials expected; reviews screened for references; no language or year restriction | Observational studies published 1975-2016; predominantly English (96.7%); conducted in multiple countries; most studies (86.9%) moderate quality on Newcastle-Ottawa (scores 5-9) |
| Timing | Not specified | Mostly cross-sectional (point prevalence); publication years 1975-2016 |
Search date: March 2017. Databases: Medline via PubMed; The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Review Methodology Database); Web of Science; Controlled-Trials.com; ClinicalTrials.gov; National Institute…
Questions and results
Populations in countries with a lower Human Development Index (high category, HDI <0.800) vs Populations in countries with a higher Human Development Index (very high, HDI >=0.800)
Population: Adults aged 19-60 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Overall (very high + high HDI) Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Figure 3; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 11.49 [9.96, 13.03] | 25 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Unadjusted model Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 20.17878 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Very high HDI (>=0.800) Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Figure 3; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 11.91 [10.20, 13.63] | 19 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Adjusted (Model 1) Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -42.94101 | NR | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Adjusted (Model 2) Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 6.901906 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) High HDI (<0.800) Pooled caries experience (DMFT) was similar in very-high-HDI and high-HDI countries, and meta-regression found no significant association between national HDI and DMFT; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Figure 3; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 10.01 [5.34, 14.69] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with a low level of schooling (>=33.60% of the population with low schooling) vs Populations with a higher level of schooling (<33.60% of the population with low schooling)
Population: Adults aged 19-60 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Unadjusted model Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -2.301079 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Low schooling (>=33.60% with low schooling) Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Figure 4; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 9.63 [4.38, 14.89] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Overall Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Figure 4; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 10.87 [7.53, 14.20] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Adjusted (Model 1) Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 7.205453 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Higher schooling (<33.60% with low schooling) Population level of schooling was not significantly associated with caries experience (DMFT) in subgroup meta-analysis or meta-regression; ungraded observational evidence with very high heterogeneity. Source: Figure 4; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 11.95 [7.26, 16.64] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with a lower proportion of university-educated people (<33.78% with university level) vs Populations with a higher proportion of university-educated people (>=33.78% with university level)
Population: Adults aged 19-60 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Adjusted (Model 1) The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -4.132903 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Low university (<33.78%) The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 5; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 10.62 [7.30, 13.93] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Overall The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 5; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 10.78 [8.77, 12.79] | 18 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Unadjusted model The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -0.3066788 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) High university (>=33.78%) The proportion of university-educated people was not associated with caries experience (DMFT); pooled DMFT was similar across subgroups and the meta-regression was non-significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 5; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 10.91 [7.95, 13.87] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Population: Adult participants in HDI-stratified study populations The pooled mean DMFT across HDI-stratified study populations was 11.49. Source: Results section 3.4; Figure 3 · same question in other reviews | Mean DMFT 11.49 [9.96, 13.03] | 25 studies | Ungraded |
Populations with low socioeconomic status (>=22.4% of the population with low SES) vs Populations with higher socioeconomic status (<22.4% of the population with low SES)
Population: Adults aged 19-60 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Low SES (>=22.4% with low SES) Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 6; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 15.99 [14.35, 17.63] | 4 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Overall Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 6; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 11.49 [7.50, 15.48] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Unadjusted model Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 10.49365 | NR | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Unadjusted model Population: Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies The unadjusted meta-regression coefficient for low schooling was -2.301079. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -2.301079 | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Adjusted (Model 2) Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 10.35391 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Higher SES (<22.4% with low SES) Populations with a higher proportion of people with low socioeconomic status had higher caries experience (pooled DMFT 15.99 vs 5.50), and meta-regression associated low SES with higher DMFT (about 10.35 more DMFT per unit; p=0.050); ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 6; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 5.50 [-1.04, 12.03] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Model 1 adjusted Population: Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies The Model 1 adjusted meta-regression coefficient for low schooling was 7.205453. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 7.205453 | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Older adults (population mean age >33.4 years) vs Younger adults (population mean age <=33.4 years)
Population: Adults aged 19-60 years
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Younger (mean age <=33.4 years) Studies of older adults (mean age >33.4 years) had higher pooled DMFT than younger adults, but the age to DMFT meta-regression was not statistically significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 7; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 7.31 [5.89, 8.73] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Adjusted (Model 1) Studies of older adults (mean age >33.4 years) had higher pooled DMFT than younger adults, but the age to DMFT meta-regression was not statistically significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 5.248158 | NR | Ungraded |
Association with dental caries experience (DMFT) by random-effects meta-regression Unadjusted model Studies of older adults (mean age >33.4 years) had higher pooled DMFT than younger adults, but the age to DMFT meta-regression was not statistically significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Table 1; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 4.324884 | NR | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Overall Studies of older adults (mean age >33.4 years) had higher pooled DMFT than younger adults, but the age to DMFT meta-regression was not statistically significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 7; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 9.38 [7.58, 11.18] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Dental caries experience (DMFT) Older (mean age >33.4 years) Studies of older adults (mean age >33.4 years) had higher pooled DMFT than younger adults, but the age to DMFT meta-regression was not statistically significant; ungraded observational evidence. Source: Figure 7; Results section 3.4 · same question in other reviews | MEAN 11.50 [6.49, 16.51] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Lower university education (<33.78% of the population) vs Not applicable
Population: Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean DMFT Model 1 adjusted The Model 1 adjusted meta-regression coefficient for lower university education was -4.132903. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -4.132903 | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Unadjusted model The unadjusted meta-regression coefficient for lower university education was -0.3066788. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -0.3066788 | 18 studies | Ungraded |
Low socioeconomic status (>22.4% of the population) vs Not applicable
Population: Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean DMFT Unadjusted model The unadjusted meta-regression coefficient for low socioeconomic status was 10.49365. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 10.49365 | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Model 2 adjusted The Model 2 adjusted meta-regression coefficient for low socioeconomic status was 10.35391. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 10.35391 | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Older mean age (>33.4 years) vs Not applicable
Population: Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean DMFT Unadjusted model The unadjusted meta-regression coefficient for older mean age was 4.324884. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 4.324884 | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Model 1 adjusted The Model 1 adjusted meta-regression coefficient for older mean age was 5.248158. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 5.248158 | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Human Development Index (quantitative) vs Not applicable
Population: Adult participants in 25 meta-regression studies
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mean DMFT Model 1 adjusted The Model 1 adjusted meta-regression coefficient for quantitative HDI was -42.94101. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient -42.94101 | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Unadjusted model The unadjusted meta-regression coefficient for quantitative HDI was 20.17878. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 20.17878 | 25 studies | Ungraded |
Mean DMFT Model 2 adjusted The Model 2 adjusted meta-regression coefficient for quantitative HDI was 6.901906. Source: Table 1 · same question in other reviews | Meta-regression coefficient 6.901906 | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Included primary studies 61
Open as a trial list| Study | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial PICO | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costa 2012 The severity of dental caries in adults aged 35 to 44 years residing in the metropolitan area of a large city in Brazil: a cross-sectional… PMID:22849537 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Aleksejuniene 2000 Variation in caries and treatment experience in 35–44‐year‐old Lithuanians DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.028005356.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Badel 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bernabe 2009 Income, Income Inequality, Dental Caries and Dental Care Levels: An Ecological Study in Rich Countries DOI:10.1159/000217862 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Berset 1996 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bille 1980 Dental caries in a group of 20‐year‐olds after previous participation in public child dental health services in Copenhagen, Denmark DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1980.tb01250.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Bjertness 1992 Factors of importance for changes in dental caries among adults: A follow-up study of Oslo citizens from the age of 35 to 50 years DOI:10.3109/00016359209012763 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brennan 2007 Caries experience among 45–54 year olds in Adelaide, South Australia DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00476.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brennan 2010 Dental knowledge and oral health among middle‐aged adults DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00592.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brennan 2011 DOI:10.1922/cdh_2573brennan06 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brennan 2014 Childhood Oral Health and SES Predictors of Caries in 30-Year-Olds DOI:10.1159/000354044 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brennan 2015 Income‐based life‐course models of caries in 30‐year‐old Australian adults DOI:10.1111/cdoe.12150 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Broadbent 2016 Oral Health-related Beliefs, Behaviors, and Outcomes through the Life Course. PMID:26936215 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Brodeur 2000 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Celeste 2009 The individual and contextual pathways between oral health and income inequality in Brazilian adolescents and adults DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.005 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Celeste 2011 The relationship between levels of income inequality and dental caries and periodontal diseases DOI:10.1590/s0102-311x2011000600008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Ceylan 2004 Evaluation of the Dental Health of the Young Adult Male Population in Turkey DOI:10.7205/milmed.169.11.885 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Chandra Shekar 2011 Oral health status in relation to socioeconomic factors among the municipal employees of Mysore city DOI:10.4103/0970-9290.87063 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Costa 2013 High dental caries among adults aged 35 to 44 years: case-control study of distal and proximal factors. PMID:23749056 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Divaris 2012 Risk Factors for Third Molar Occlusal Caries: A Longitudinal Clinical Investigation DOI:10.1016/j.joms.2011.12.035 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Do 2012 Oral health status and perception of oral health of young Australian adults DOI:10.1111/adj.12009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Doughan 2000 Oral health status and treatment needs of 35–44-year old adults in Lebanon DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00575.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Edman 2016 Prevalence of dental caries and influencing factors, time trends over a 30-year period in an adult population. Epidemiological studies… DOI:10.3109/00016357.2016.1163733 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Eriksen 1996 Dental caries determinants in an adult Portuguese population and a comparison with Norwegian adults DOI:10.3109/00016359609003509 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Farago 2012 Dental Caries Experience in a Hungarian Police Student Population DOI:10.1159/000336390 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gao 2014 Oral Health of Foreign Domestic Workers: Exploring the Social Determinants DOI:10.1007/s10903-013-9789-5 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Geyer 2010 Social gradients and cumulative effects of income and education on dental health in the Fourth German Oral Health Study DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00520.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Gilbert 2001 Twenty–Four Month Incidence of Root Caries among a Diverse Group of Adults DOI:10.1159/000047476 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Guiotoku 2012 Iniquidades raciais em saúde bucal no Brasil DOI:10.1590/s1020-49892012000200007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hahn 1999 Root lesions in a group of 50-60 year-old Germans related to clinical and social factors DOI:10.1007/s007840050097 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hansen 1977 Caries experience in a Norwegian urban population DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1977.tb01626.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hescot 1997 Oral health in 35–44 year old adults in France DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.1997.tb00682.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Hessari 2007 Oral Health among 35- to 44-Year-Old Iranians DOI:10.1159/000102150 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Holst 2011 Equality in adults’ oral health in Norway. Cohort and cross-sectional results over 33 years DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00624.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Holst 2012 DOI:10.1922/cdh_2780holst10 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Julihn 2006 Risk factors and risk indicators associated with high caries experience in Swedish 19-year-olds DOI:10.1080/00016350600613534 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Lee 2012 Changing patterns in the association between regional socio-economic context and dental caries experience according to gender and age: a… PMID:22839762 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Lin 2001 Coronal and Root Caries in Southern Chinese Adults DOI:10.1177/00220345010800051801 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Mamai-Homata 2012 Risk indicators of coronal and root caries in Greek middle aged adults and senior citizens. PMID:22734655 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Marcenes 1992 The relationship between work stress and oral health status DOI:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90054-t | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Meyer 1983 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Nikias 1975 COMPARISONS OF POVERTY AND NONPOVERTY GROUPS ON DENTAL STATUS, NEEDS, AND PRACTICES* DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1975.tb01017.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Paulander 2003 Association between level of education and oral health status in 35‐, 50‐, 65‐ and 75‐year‐olds DOI:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00357.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Peres 2011 Oral health studies in the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort: methodology and principal results at 15 and 24 years of age DOI:10.1590/s0102-311x2011000800012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Quinteros 2014 Caries experience and use of dental services in rural and urban adults and older adults from central Chile. PMID:25125265 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Roberts-Thomson 2008 Risk indicators of caries experience among young adults DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00020.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Schuller 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Senna 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sgan-Cohen 1999 The Prevalence and Treatment of Dental Caries among Israeli Permanent Force Military Personnel DOI:10.1093/milmed/164.8.562 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Sgan-Cohen 2000 Trends in caries and associated variables among young Israeli adults over 5 decades DOI:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280310.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Shearer 2012 Family history and oral health: findings from the Dunedin Study. PMID:22022823 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Skudutyte 2000 Dental caries in adult Lithuanians DOI:10.1080/000163500429127 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Skudutyte-Rysstad 2009 Dental health and disease determinants among 35-year-olds in Oslo, Norway DOI:10.1080/00016350802572322 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Tervonen 1991 Risk factors associated with abundant dental caries and periodontal pocketing DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1991.tb00116.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Thomson 2004 Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00173.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Unell 1999 Explanatory models for clinically determined and symptom-reported caries indicators in an adult population DOI:10.1080/000163599428850 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Vano 2015 The influence of educational level and oral hygiene behaviours on <scp>DMFT</scp> index and <scp>CPITN</scp> index in an adult Italian… DOI:10.1111/idh.12098 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Varenne 2006 Oral health behaviour of children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa DOI:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2006.tb00075.x | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zini 2012a The Social and Behavioural Pathway of Dental Caries Experience among Jewish Adults in Jerusalem DOI:10.1159/000335564 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zini 2012b Religiosity, Spirituality, Social Support, Health Behaviour and Dental Caries among 35- to 44-Year-Old Jerusalem Adults: A Proposed… DOI:10.1159/000338404 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
| Zini 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match).
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Systematic review of oral health in slums and non-slum urban settings of Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): Disease prevalence,… (2024) | 1 | 0.01 |