Vomiting · adults
Epidural local anaesthetic showed no clear difference in vomiting during first 24 hours compared with opioid‐based regimen (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anastomotic leak · adults
Epidural local anaesthetic showed no clear difference in anastomotic leak compared with opioid‐based regimen (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · adults
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental outcomes · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
1 finding from 1 review
Apnoea/bradycardia occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of operation · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in apnoea/bradycardia occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of… compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any oxygen desaturation occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of the operation · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in any oxygen desaturation occurring 12‐24 hours following completion… compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of post‐operative respiratory support · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in use of post‐operative respiratory support compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Post‐operative apnoea with preoperative sedatives excluded · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) probably leads to lower post‐operative apnoea with preoperative sedatives excluded compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anaesthetic agent failure · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) may leads to higher anaesthetic agent failure compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anaesthetic placement failure · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in anaesthetic placement failure compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to 18 m... · Patients undergoing thoracotomy
Thoracic epidural anaesthesia probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined… compared with conventional pain control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection without hospitalisations. · lumbosacral radicular pain
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes minor adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Minor… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Major adverse events** ‒short‐term (> 2 weeks but ≤ 3 months) Major adverse events provided as the proportion of patients reporting any untoward medical occurrence after an epidural injection with hospitalizations. · lumbosacral radicular pain
1 finding from 1 review
Procedure‐related (lumbar puncture or epidural anaesthetic) complications within 7 days of the procedure · thrombocytopenia
1 finding from 1 review
Death from all causes Range of · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery
Epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia showed no clear difference in death from all causes Range of compared with general anaesthesia alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tumour progression or death from all causes Range of · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery
It is very uncertain whether epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia changes tumour progression or death from all causes Range of compared with general anaesthesia alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tumour progression Median · patients undergoing primary tumour surgery
It is very uncertain whether epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia changes tumour progression Median compared with general anaesthesia alone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Regional analgesia (epidural/spinal) · childbearing women and their infants (all) (important/secondary outcomes)
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Midwife continuity of care models changes regional analgesia (epidural/spinal) compared with other models of care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural · fetal malposition in labour
1 finding from 1 review
Epidural · fetal malposition in labour
It is very uncertain whether hands and knees posture changes epidural use compared with other postures (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review