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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline vs Placebo or no active treatment

Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Pentoxifylline led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic corticosteroids vs placebo or no corticosteroids

Gastrointestinal bleeding · adults diagnosed with coronary artery disease or cardiac valve disease, and candidates for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Prophylactic corticosteroids showed no clear difference in gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (as defined by study authors,… compared with placebo or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine system) vs levonorgestrel intrauterine system

Adverse effects during treatment ‐ heaviness in lower abdomen · endometrial hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Metformin + levonorgestrel (intrauterine… changes adverse effects during treatment ‐ heaviness in lower abdomen compared with levonorgestrel intrauterine system (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Familiar odour (breast milk smell) vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Familiar odour (breast milk smell) showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐arginine vs placebo

Pain 0 to 100 visual analogue scale and 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less pain) · sickle cell disease

L‐arginine showed no clear difference in severity of pain (assessed using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale from… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation vs no supplementation or placebo

Low birthweight · pregnant women

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous infusion of intravenous loop diuretics vs bolus injection of intravenous loop diuretics

Hospital readmission · adults (aged greater than 18 years) with acute heart failure

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous infusion of intravenous loop… showed no clear difference in readmission to hospital following discharge compared with bolus injection of intravenous loop diuretics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐down positioning vs other positioning

Visual acuity · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

It is very uncertain whether face‐down positioning changes mean change in logMAR or Snellen visual acuity from baseline to 3… compared with other positioning (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review