Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,667 questions · 21,760 findings · 2,177 reviews

No studies found 4,173 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2,300 · 10.6%Very low 5,276 · 24.2%Low 5,764 · 26.5%Moderate 3,298 · 15.2%High 949 · 4.4%

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Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder

Brexpiprazole probably leads to higher adverse effects: akathisia (followed up until the end of the longest compared with antidepressive agents (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents

Weight gain · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder

Brexpiprazole probably leads to higher adverse effects: weight gain (followed up until the end of the longest compared with antidepressive agents (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Positive‐pressure ventilation after institution of treatment · treatment of apnea

It is very uncertain whether doxapram changes 2a. Need for positive pressure ventilation after initiation of… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Treatment failure · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble may leads to lower treatment failure compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Pneumothorax · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in pneumothorax compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Moderate‐severe nasal injury · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble probably leads to higher moderate‐severe nasal injury compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants receiving nasal CPAP

Bubble showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly

Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Guidewire‐assisted cannulation vs contrast‐assisted cannulation

Need for precut sphincterotomy · Patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP

Guidewire‐assisted cannulation probably leads to lower need for precut sphincterotomy compared with contrast‐assisted cannulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review