Search review questions

Secondary caries (caries around restorations), all cavity types · Patients with permanent dentition in need of restorations (all cavity types: Black's Class I, II, V, and non-carious… · Overall (1 year, 18 months-2 years, and 3 years pooled)

Oral hygiene measured by plaque scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) · Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of TAS2R43 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), TAS2R43 (chr12p13.2); 27 (3) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6)

Difference in summary sensitivity (NMA, Analysis 2) · Electrical conductance vs Fluorescence

Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · 'Healthy' children with caries-free second primary molars, aged 3-5 years (schools and kindergartens, India and China)

Differential microbial abundance / taxa predictive of caries · Individuals providing oral (saliva/supragingival plaque) 16S rRNA microbiome samples; 2016 samples from 19 studies…

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy · 2 years

Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Children with caries-free or non-cavitated carious lesion primary molars, aged 3-7 years (paediatric department,… · 12 months

Weight gain (restrictive vs coercive styles) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Infancy to early childhood, Restrictive vs coercive/pressuring styles

Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis (symptomatic and asymptomatic) due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Randomized trials (GRADE evidence profile)

Difference in summary specificity (NMA, Analysis 2) · Fluorescence vs Transillumination

Correlation between daily urinary fluoride excretion (DUFE) and fluoride intake · Children and adults with 24-h urinary fluoride monitoring (9 studies reporting both intake and urine; Table 2) · 24-h urine collection, High-fluoride-area data from Idowu et al. [46,47] excluded

Prevalence of dental caries · Children aged 12 years (plus or minus one year) in Africa · Overall, urban/rural-status analysis

Difference in summary sensitivity (NMA, Analysis 2) · Fluorescence vs Transillumination

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association with genetically predicted expression of SMIM10L1 (chr12p13.2) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5… · Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6), SMIM10L1 (chr12p13.2); 46 (3) tissues; significant (Bonferroni p < 3.09x10-6)

Alpha diversity (Chao1, Observed, Shannon) · Adults providing oral (saliva/supragingival plaque) 16S rRNA microbiome samples · Adults

Dental caries (association with no formal maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries · No formal education

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth · 2 years, Class II

Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with moderately deep dentine caries in primary molars, no pulp therapy · 18 months (Lenzi 2017), Adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse vs self-etch)

Enamel caries proportion · European adolescents aged 12 years · Exact age

Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years · 12-60 months follow-up (4 trials; 1-5 years)

Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with severely decayed maxillary primary incisors treated by pulpectomy (non-vital pulp therapy) · 1 year, Composite post (CP) arm

Dental development / dental age (mineralization chronology) · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point)

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth · 2 years, Class II

Caries experience (mean DMFS) · European adolescents aged 12–19 years · Age group: 16–19 years

Unacceptable marginal adaptation · Patients with permanent dentition in need of restorations · 1 year, 18 months to 2 years, and 3 years, All types of cavities

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 12–19 years

Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Children with caries-free primary first molars (with or without caries on other teeth), aged 1-5 years (paediatric… · 6-12 months

Caries prevalence · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Data collection period: 2000-2004

Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 12–19 years · Region: non-Scandinavian

Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Pulp capping material: Biodentine vs CEM

Clinical and radiographic success rate (>=6 months) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure · >=6 months, Pulp capping material: MTA vs CEM

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 12 years · Exact age

Caries prevalence · European adolescents aged 12–19 years · Region: Scandinavian

Caries experience in the primary dentition (dmft/dmfs/dfs/deft/ds; pooled as standardized mean difference) · Children in the primary dentition with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and comparable children without CL/P · Primary and mixed dentition

Specificity for detecting enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies) · Analysis 2: network meta-analysis (all studies evaluating >=2 index tests)

HIV-related oral lesions · Children living with HIV receiving ART · CD4+ T-cell count below 250 cells/mm3

Immediate bond strength (MPa) · Dental adhesives/resin composite bonded to dentin (in vitro), sound or caries-affected · Immediate bond strength, Overall (all dentin conditions and rinsing protocols)

Oral hygiene measured by mean gingival scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) · Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer)

Caries severity (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Country: Libya

Dental caries measured by DMFT scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) · Post-intervention; follow-up varied across studies (interventions ranged from <2 years to >=2 years and longer), Age 6-8 years

Caries severity (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children (permanent dentition) in Africa · Setting: Urban

Specificity for detecting enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies) · Analysis 1: fully within-person comparison (studies evaluating >=3 index tests)

Caries detection accuracy in unrestored molars and premolars · Dental images of human beings · Duong et al., 2021; support vector machine

Recurrent caries (crowns free of recurrent caries) · Children with primary (deciduous) teeth requiring full-coverage crown restoration · 6 months

Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), by tap-water fluoride level · Adults using fluoride-containing dental care products (two included studies [28,47]; aged 20-35) · Habitual daily intake, Poor-fluoridated tap water (<0.3 mg/L)

Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH)

Restoration failure · Children with carious primary teeth · 1 year, Class II

Specificity for detecting enamel caries · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies) · Analysis 2: network meta-analysis (all studies evaluating >=2 index tests)