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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

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No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Familiar odour (breast milk smell) vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Familiar odour (breast milk smell) showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch vs usual care

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

Facilitated tucking / four‐handed care / gentle human touch showed no clear difference in PIPP during endotracheal suctioning Range of scale 0 to 21. Lower… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐arginine vs placebo

Pain 0 to 100 visual analogue scale and 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less pain) · sickle cell disease

L‐arginine showed no clear difference in severity of pain (assessed using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale from… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation vs no supplementation or placebo

Low birthweight · pregnant women

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous infusion of intravenous loop diuretics vs bolus injection of intravenous loop diuretics

Hospital readmission · adults (aged greater than 18 years) with acute heart failure

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuous infusion of intravenous loop… showed no clear difference in readmission to hospital following discharge compared with bolus injection of intravenous loop diuretics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐down positioning vs other positioning

Visual acuity · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

It is very uncertain whether face‐down positioning changes mean change in logMAR or Snellen visual acuity from baseline to 3… compared with other positioning (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Face‐down positioning vs other positioning

Mean objective distortion score at 3 months or later (lower is favored) · people with primary macula‐involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachments

It is very uncertain whether face‐down positioning changes mean objective distortion score at 3 months or later (lower is… compared with other positioning (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment

Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oxitard (antioxidant) vs Topical aloe vera gel

Difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Oxitard (antioxidant) led to lower difficulty in swallowing (participant-reported proxy) compared with aloe vera gel; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes adverse effects on oral health: Gingival Index (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Patient satisfaction (measured by patient satisfaction or aesthetic scales) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer changes patient satisfaction: aesthetics (VAS 0-10 cm, lower arch) compared with multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether CAD/CAM nitinol fixed (bonded) retainer changes survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with conventional/analogue multistrand fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review