Search review questions

Adverse effects (short‐lasting skin reactions) · preterm infants

Mortality (before discharge) · newborn infants at birth

Need for resuscitation · newborn infants at birth

Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy · newborn infants at birth

Infection · newborn infants at birth

Admission to NICU · newborn infants at birth

All‐cause death Number of events · neonates receiving EBT

Mean total serum calcium levels Mean difference · neonates receiving EBT

Mean ionised serum calcium levels Mean ionised serum calcium · neonates receiving EBT

Adverse reaction: cardiac arrest Number of events · neonates receiving EBT

Adverse reaction: apnoea and hypoglycaemia Number of events · neonates receiving EBT

Infant breastfeeding assessed by validated scale ‐ IBFAT scores following procedure · tongue‐tie in newborn infants

Infant breastfeeding assessed by validated scale ‐ LATCH scores following procedure · tongue‐tie in newborn infants

Maternal nipple pain assessed by a validated pain scale ‐ visual analogue pain scale · tongue‐tie in newborn infants

Maternal nipple pain assessed by a validated pain scale ‐ SF‐MPQ pain scale · tongue‐tie in newborn infants

Death or major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned definition) · extremely preterm infants

Death to 18 to 24 months corrected age · extremely preterm infants

Major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned definition) · extremely preterm infants

Retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment · extremely preterm infants

Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm infants

Blindness · extremely preterm infants

All‐cause mortality · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Intraventricular haemorrhage grade III or IV · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (diagnosed by cranial ultrasound) · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Patent ductus arteriosus · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Chronic lung disease (oxygen supplementation at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age) · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Proven necrotising enterocolitis (Bell's stage II or III) · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Retinopathy of prematurity, any or severe (stage ≥ III) · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

Other adverse effects · prevention of morbidities in very preterm infants

First intubation attempt success rate (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Weight < 1000 g (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Gestational age of the infant · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Professional category of the intubator ‐ fellow: first intubation attempt success rate (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Professional category of the intubator ‐ resident: first intubation attempt success rate (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Level of experience of the intubator · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Premedication given ‐ no premedication given: first intubation attempt success rate (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Timing of intubation ‐ just after birth in the delivery room: first intubation attempt success rate (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Timing of intubation ‐ following admission to NICU: first intubation attempt success rate (outcome achieved at time of intubation attempt and not followed up) · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Type of stylet · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation

Incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Bilirubin level (μmol/L): 4 hours postintervention · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Proportion of infants who required exchange transfusion · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Frequency of breastfeeding per day: day 3 · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Number of infants with abnormal neurological signs · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Bilirubin level (μmol/L): 4 hours postphototherapy · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Rate of change in bilirubin (μmol/L/hour): during the first 4 hours of admission · newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia undergoing phototherapy

Bloodstream infection (during intervention period) · newborn infants

All‐cause mortality (up to hospital discharge) · newborn infants

Catheter‐associated thrombosis necessitating removal of catheter (during intervention period) · newborn infants

All‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation