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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut

current versions

No studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Budesonide 3 mg vs placebo Corticosteroid related adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.58 [0.29, 1.17]	1 study · 133 participants	Low
Budesonide 9 mg vs placebo Induction of clinical remission (CDAI < 150) ‐ 8 weeks · Patients with active Crohn's disease Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.93 [1.37, 2.73]	3 studies · 379 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 9 mg vs placebo Clinical improvement (decrease in CDAI > 100 or total CDAI < 150) ‐ 8 weeks · Patients with active Crohn's disease Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.46 [1.03, 2.07]	2 studies · 252 participants	Moderate
Budesonide 9 mg vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.14 [0.46, 2.79]	3 studies · 379 participants	Low
Budesonide 9 mg vs placebo Withdrawal due to disease worsening · Patients with active Crohn's disease Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.29]	3 studies · 379 participants	Low
Budesonide 9 mg vs placebo Corticosteroid related adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.97 [0.76, 1.23]	3 studies · 384 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Overall survival Hazard ratio · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	HR 0.88 [0.8, 0.96]	10 studies · 2122 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Complete resection (R0) Histology · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [1.03, 1.19]	9 studies · 2135 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Local‐regional recurrence Radiology · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.86 [0.63, 1.17]	8 studies · 2047 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Distant recurrence Radiology · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.13]	7 studies · 1947 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Any complication Clinical · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.81, 1.08]	5 studies · 1340 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Postoperative death Clinical · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.68, 1.28]	10 studies · 2196 participants	Low
Intervention NR Anastomotic leaks Clinical/radiology · patients with resectable thoracic esophageal cancer Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable thoracic esophageal cancer (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.92 [0.62, 1.37]	8 studies · 1501 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Overall survival (surviving rates) · patients with resectable disease Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 862 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Postoperative mortality (within 30 days from surgery) · patients with resectable disease Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 862 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Overall survival (surviving rates) · patients with resectable disease Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (2015) · Cochrane	HR 0.91 [0.71, 1.17]	5 studies · 1653 participants	Low
Intervention NR Disease specific survival (surviving rates) · patients with resectable disease Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (2015) · Cochrane	HR 0.81 [0.71, 0.92]	4 studies · 1599 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Disease free survival (surviving rates) · patients with resectable disease Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (2015) · Cochrane	HR 0.95 [0.84, 1.07]	3 studies · 1332 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Postoperative mortality (within 30 days from surgery) · patients with resectable disease Extent of lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (2015) · Cochrane	RR 2.02 [1.34, 3.04]	5 studies · 1653 participants	High
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management (< 1 year) · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 605 participants	Very low
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management (1 to 5 years) · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 323 participants	Very low
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management Adverse events · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management Serious adverse events · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.46 [1.01, 2.11]	2 studies · 637 participants	Very low
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management Dysphagia · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management (5 years or more) · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.57, 1.42]	1 study · 228 participants	Very low
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management Heartburn · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Laparoscopic fundoplication vs medical management Reflux · Patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery versus medical management for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)… (2015) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Failure rate of post‐pyloric placement of the enteral feeding tube assessed by abdominal radiograph Radiographic assessment of successful tube placement · patients needing post‐pyloric placement of naso‐enteral feeding tubes Metoclopramide for post‐pyloric placement of naso‐enteral feeding tubes (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.61, 1.1]	4 studies · 204 participants	Very low
LMWH vs Placebo Endoscopic remission · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.34 [0.66, 2.72]	1 study · 141 participants	Very low
LMWH + standard therapy vs Standard therapy Clinical remission · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.8 [0.32, 2.04]	1 study · 34 participants	Very low
LMWH + standard therapy vs Standard therapy Clinical improvement · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.83, 1.53]	1 study · 34 participants	Very low
LMWH + standard therapy vs Standard therapy Endoscopic remission · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.8 [0.32, 2.04]	1 study · 34 participants	Very low
LMWH + standard therapy vs Standard therapy Endoscopic improvement · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.69, 1.85]	1 study · 34 participants	Very low
UFH vs Corticosteroids Clinical improvement · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Unfractionated or low‐molecular weight heparin for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.06 [0, 0.88]	1 study · 25 participants	Very low
Type I Interferons vs placebo Remission · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Type I interferons for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.16 [0.84, 1.58]	4 studies · 362 participants	Moderate
Type I Interferons vs placebo Clinical improvement · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Type I interferons for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.16 [0.96, 1.4]	4 studies · 425 participants	Moderate
Type I Interferons vs placebo Serious adverse events · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Type I interferons for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.74 [0.13, 4.14]	4 studies · 468 participants	Low
Type I Interferons vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with induction of remission in ulcerative colitis Type I interferons for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 3.16 [1.06, 9.4]	4 studies · 394 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs placebo Maintenance of remission · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.64 [0.28, 1.45]	1 study · 32 participants	Low
Methotrexate vs 5‐ASA Maintenance of remission · patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.12 [0.06, 20.71]	1 study · 9 participants	Very low
Methotrexate vs 6‐MP Maintenance of Remission · patients with maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.22 [0.03, 1.45]	1 study · 18 participants	Very low
Methotrexate + sulfasalazine vs sulfasalazine Maintenance of Remission · patients with maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.32 [0.94, 1.86]	1 study · 26 participants	Very low
Budesonide MMX® 9 mg vs placebo Remission (combined clinical and endoscopic remission) · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 2.25 [1.5, 3.39]	3 studies · 900 participants	Moderate
Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo Endoscopic improvement · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.96 [0.73, 1.27]	2 studies · 440 participants	Moderate
Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo Histologic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.23 [0.63, 2.4]	2 studies · 440 participants	Low
Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.63 [0.21, 1.91]	2 studies · 512 participants	Low
Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo Adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.97, 1.32]	2 studies · 512 participants	Very low
Budesonide MMX® 6 mg vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 1.1 [0.55, 2.22]	2 studies · 512 participants	Low
Budesonide 10 mg vs prednisolone 40 mg Endoscopic improvement · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.66, 1.33]	1 study · 72 participants	Low
Budesonide 10 mg vs prednisolone 40 mg Endoscopic remission · Adult patients with active ulcerative colitis Oral budesonide for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (2015) · Cochrane	RR 0.75 [0.23, 2.42]	1 study · 72 participants	Very low