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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut

current versions
No studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Infliximab vs placebo
Clinical relapse (at 30‐32 weeks, CDAI > 150) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.73 [0.63, 0.84]2 studies · 408 participantsModerate
Infliximab vs purine analogues
Loss of clinical response · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Infliximab vs purine analogues
Withdrawal due to adverse events · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Infliximab vs purine analogues
Serious adverse events (at 2 years) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.79 [0.37, 1.68]1 study · 140 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs biosimilar
Clinical relapse (at 52 weeks, HBI > 4) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.18 [0.82, 1.69]1 study · 155 participantsLow
Infliximab vs biosimilar
Loss of clinical response (at 52 weeks, HBI change from baseline of less than 4 points and a total score of less than 7 points) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.5 [1.01, 2.23]1 study · 155 participantsLow
Infliximab vs biosimilar
Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 52 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 20.73 [2.86, 150.33]1 study · 155 participantsLow
Infliximab vs biosimilar
Serious adverse events (at 52 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.39, 2.5]1 study · 155 participantsLow
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues
Clinical relapse (at 22 weeks, CDAI > 150) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.01 [0.65, 1.57]1 study · 53 participantsVery low
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues
Loss of clinical response (at 22 weeks, less than 100 points in CDAI change) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.94 [0.7, 1.25]1 study · 53 participantsVery low
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues
Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 30 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.77 [0.3, 1.97]1 study · 53 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs placebo
Loss of clinical response (at 32 weeks, less than 70 points in CDAI change) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.59 [0.37, 0.96]1 study · 73 participantsVery low
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues
Serious adverse events · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Infliximab vs adalimumab
Clinical relapse · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Infliximab vs adalimumab
Loss of clinical response (at 56 weeks, less than 100 points in CDAI change) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.68 [0.29, 1.59]1 study · 73 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs adalimumab
Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 56 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.72]1 study · 73 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs adalimumab
Serious adverse events (at 56 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.54]1 study · 73 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs placebo
Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 32‐54 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.66 [0.37, 1.19]2 studies · 355 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs placebo
Serious adverse events (at 54 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.6 [0.36, 1]1 study · 282 participantsVery low
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues
Clinical relapse (at 48 weeks, CDAI of 150 or greater together with an increase in CDAImore than 70 points above baseline over 2 consecutive weeks or definitive clinical relapse requiring immediate intervention, as judged by the treating physician) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.2 [0.1, 0.42]1 study · 115 participantsModerate
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues
Loss of clinical response · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues
Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 48 weeks) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.47 [0.15, 1.49]1 study · 115 participantsVery low
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues
Serious adverse events (at 48 weeks to 2 years) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.19 [0.54, 2.64]2 studies · 257 participantsVery low
Infliximab vs purine analogues
Clinical relapse · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline)
Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs placebo
Clinical remission (14 days) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.05 [0.57, 1.94]1 study · 19 participantsVery low
Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily
Withdrawals due to adverse events (9 weeks) · people with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 0.53 [0.11, 2.5]1 study · 31 participantsVery low
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy
Clinical remission · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy
Clinical improvement (Lichtiger index) (4 weeks) · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 18 participantsVery low
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy
Quality of life · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy
Total adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy
Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs placebo
Clinical relapse (6 months) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.36 [0.79, 2.31]1 study · 89 participantsLow
Prebiotics vs placebo
Clinical improvement (partial Mayo score) (60 days) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 30 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs placebo
Quality of life (IBDQ) (60 days) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 30 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs placebo
Total adverse events (6 months) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.68 [1.18, 2.4]1 study · 89 participantsLow
Prebiotics vs placebo
Clinical improvement (Rachmilewitz index) (14 days) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 15 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs placebo
Withdrawals due to adverse events (60 days to 6 months) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 2.57 [1.15, 5.73]2 studies · 125 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs probiotics
Clinical relapse (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs probiotics
Clinical improvement · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs probiotics
Quality of life (IBDQ) (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 62 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs probiotics
Total adverse events · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs probiotics
Withdrawals due to adverse events (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.44, 2.26]1 study · 80 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs synbiotics
Clinical relapse (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs synbiotics
Clinical improvement · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs synbiotics
Quality of life (IBDQ) (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 63 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs synbiotics
Total adverse events · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs placebo
Quality of life (IBDQ) (2 or 3 months) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 8 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs synbiotics
Withdrawals due to adverse events (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 1.13 [0.48, 2.62]1 study · 80 participantsVery low
Prebiotics vs placebo
Total adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Prebiotics vs placebo
Withdrawals due to adverse events (14 days to 2 or 3 months) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)
Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane
RR 2.73 [0.51, 14.55]2 studies · 31 participantsVery low