Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Infliximab vs placebo Clinical relapse (at 30‐32 weeks, CDAI > 150) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.63, 0.84] | 2 studies · 408 participants | Moderate |
Infliximab vs purine analogues Loss of clinical response · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab vs purine analogues Withdrawal due to adverse events · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab vs purine analogues Serious adverse events (at 2 years) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.37, 1.68] | 1 study · 140 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs biosimilar Clinical relapse (at 52 weeks, HBI > 4) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.82, 1.69] | 1 study · 155 participants | Low |
Infliximab vs biosimilar Loss of clinical response (at 52 weeks, HBI change from baseline of less than 4 points and a total score of less than 7 points) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [1.01, 2.23] | 1 study · 155 participants | Low |
Infliximab vs biosimilar Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 52 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 20.73 [2.86, 150.33] | 1 study · 155 participants | Low |
Infliximab vs biosimilar Serious adverse events (at 52 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (with mixed/low disease activity at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.39, 2.5] | 1 study · 155 participants | Low |
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues Clinical relapse (at 22 weeks, CDAI > 150) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.65, 1.57] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues Loss of clinical response (at 22 weeks, less than 100 points in CDAI change) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.7, 1.25] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 30 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.3, 1.97] | 1 study · 53 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs placebo Loss of clinical response (at 32 weeks, less than 70 points in CDAI change) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.37, 0.96] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Subcutaneous CT‐P13 and purine analogues vs intravenous CT‐P13 and purine analogues Serious adverse events · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab vs adalimumab Clinical relapse · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab vs adalimumab Loss of clinical response (at 56 weeks, less than 100 points in CDAI change) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.29, 1.59] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs adalimumab Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 56 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.72] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs adalimumab Serious adverse events (at 56 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (active disease population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.54] | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 32‐54 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.37, 1.19] | 2 studies · 355 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs placebo Serious adverse events (at 54 weeks) · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.36, 1] | 1 study · 282 participants | Very low |
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues Clinical relapse (at 48 weeks, CDAI of 150 or greater together with an increase in CDAImore than 70 points above baseline over 2 consecutive weeks or definitive clinical relapse requiring immediate intervention, as judged by the treating physician) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.1, 0.42] | 1 study · 115 participants | Moderate |
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues Loss of clinical response · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues Withdrawal due to adverse events (at 48 weeks) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.15, 1.49] | 1 study · 115 participants | Very low |
Infliximab combined with purine analogues vs purine analogues Serious adverse events (at 48 weeks to 2 years) · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.54, 2.64] | 2 studies · 257 participants | Very low |
Infliximab vs purine analogues Clinical relapse · Crohn's disease patients (in remission at baseline) Infliximab for maintenance of medically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs placebo Clinical remission (14 days) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10) Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.57, 1.94] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Inulin and oligofructose 15 g vs inulin and oligofructose 7.5 g daily Withdrawals due to adverse events (9 weeks) · people with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.11, 2.5] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Clinical remission · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Clinical improvement (Lichtiger index) (4 weeks) · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Quality of life · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Total adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis based on Truelove and Witts criteria Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs placebo Clinical relapse (6 months) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.79, 2.31] | 1 study · 89 participants | Low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Clinical improvement (partial Mayo score) (60 days) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Quality of life (IBDQ) (60 days) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Total adverse events (6 months) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [1.18, 2.4] | 1 study · 89 participants | Low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Clinical improvement (Rachmilewitz index) (14 days) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10) Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events (60 days to 6 months) · people with histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis in remission Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.57 [1.15, 5.73] | 2 studies · 125 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs probiotics Clinical relapse (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs probiotics Clinical improvement · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs probiotics Quality of life (IBDQ) (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 62 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs probiotics Total adverse events · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs probiotics Withdrawals due to adverse events (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.44, 2.26] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs synbiotics Clinical relapse (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs synbiotics Clinical improvement · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs synbiotics Quality of life (IBDQ) (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs synbiotics Total adverse events · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs placebo Quality of life (IBDQ) (2 or 3 months) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10) Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs synbiotics Withdrawals due to adverse events (4 weeks) · people in remission or with mildly activeulcerative colitis Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.48, 2.62] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Prebiotics vs placebo Total adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10) Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotics vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse events (14 days to 2 or 3 months) · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10) Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.73 [0.51, 14.55] | 2 studies · 31 participants | Very low |