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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

807 questions · 849 findings · 68 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 236 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 50 · 5.9%Very low 266 · 31.3%Low 168 · 19.8%Moderate 104 · 12.2%High 25 · 2.9%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 1.14) · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment Analysis 1.12 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment

Continuous abstinence from cocaine (number of participants who had achieved and maintained abstinence for at least three weeks at the end of treatment) · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

Summary of findings table – disulfiram showed no clear difference in continuous abstinence from cocaine (number of participants who had… compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment

Point abstinence (number of participants who were abstinent at the end of the treatment) · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

Summary of findings table – disulfiram may leads to higher point abstinence (number of participants who were abstinent at the… compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment

Acceptability ‐ total dropouts · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

Summary of findings table – disulfiram showed no clear difference in dropout for any reason (number of participants who did not complete… compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment

Dropouts due to adverse events · patients with the treatment of cocaine dependence

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table – disulfiram changes dropout due to adverse events (number of participants who did not… compared with placebo or no pharmacological treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin vs placebo

Treatment‐related adverse effects · adults and children with sickle cell disease experiencing neuropathic pain

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings ‐ Pharmacological intervention (pregabalin) changes treatment‐related adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Infliximab · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment probably leads to higher infliximab compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Tildrakizumab · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment leads to higher tildrakizumab compared with placebo (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Oral Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment may leads to higher oral tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Certolizumab · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment probably leads to higher certolizumab compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Ciclosporin · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

It is very uncertain whether any systemic treatment changes ciclosporin compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Etanercept · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment probably leads to higher etanercept compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Methotrexate · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment may leads to higher methotrexate compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Tofacitinib · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment may leads to higher tofacitinib compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any systemic treatment vs placebo

Apremilast · people with chronic plaque psoriasis

Any systemic treatment probably leads to higher apremilast compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review