Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,679 questions · 1,720 findings · 335 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 75 · 4.4%Very low 526 · 30.6%Low 504 · 29.3%Moderate 305 · 17.7%High 118 · 6.9%

Levetiracetam vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether ANTIEPILEPTIC ‐ LEVETIRACETAM changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E vs placebo

Leaving the study early · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether VITAMIN E changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Switch to another antipsychotic vs antipsychotic cessation

Leaving the study early · psychiatric patients (schizophrenia) with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether switch to another antipsychotic changes acceptability of the treatment: leaving the study early compared with antipsychotic cessation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specific antipsychotic vs other drugs

Leaving the study early · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether specific antipsychotic changes acceptability of the treatment: leaving the study early compared with other drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Reduced dose of antipsychotics vs antipsychotic maintenance

Leaving the study early · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether reduced dose of antipsychotics changes acceptability of the treatment: leaving the study early compared with antipsychotic maintenance (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Early preterm birth < 34 weeks · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention leads to lower early preterm birth < 34 weeks (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · patients with schizophrenia

COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE showed no clear difference in satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term compared with STANDARD CARE ALONE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · patients with schizophrenia

CBT may leads to lower satisfaction with treatment ‐ leaving the study early for any reason compared with ALL OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy vs laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy

Early morbidity (any complication during the first 30 to 60 days following surgery)

It is very uncertain whether laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy changes early morbidity (any complication during the first 30 to 60 days… compared with laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review